11.4 The French and Spanish Baroque Styles

Classicism

The French Baroque style was predominantly expressed through architecture, which was called ___ in France.

French Baroque Style

Unlike the elaborate Italian style, the ______ favored geometric proportion and less intricate facades.

Sun King, Louis XIV (Le Roi Soleil)

The French Baroque style aimed to awe and inspire not the church's power but the absolute power of the ____

landscape gardening

Although architecture was the primary form of expression, the true splendor of the French Baroque style was discovered in the art of ____

Château of Vaux-le-Vicomte by Louis Le Vau, André Le Nôtre, and Charles Le Brun

Built for Nicolas Fouquet

Château de Versailles for Louis XIV by Louis Le Vau, André Le Nôtre, Charles Le Brun, and Jules Hardouin-Mansart

one of the world's largest palaces and the center of the Western art world. Built to house 10,000 people, Versailles had 2,300 rooms spread over 63,154 m2 of floor space. The formal gardens span almost 2,000 acres of meticulously groomed lawns, fountains, paths, and secondary buildings.

Hall of Mirrors

Constructed to replace a large terrace that had become unfeasible. One wall contains a series of massive windows overlooking the gardens, while the opposite wall, consisting of 357 mirrors, captures the sun's rays inside the palace and reflects them onto Charles Le Brun's stunning marble, gold, and bronze interior.

Spanish Baroque architecture

• lavish decoration

• more somber and sometimes even gloomy atmosphere

Moorish traditions

influenced the Iberian interpretation of the Baroque and pre-Columbian art from the Americas.

Earthquake Baroque

A style of Baroque architecture found in the Philippines, which suffered destructive earthquakes during the 17th century and 18th centuries, where large public buildings, such as churches, were rebuilt in a Baroque style during the Spanish Colonial period in the country.

Churrigueresque or Churrigueresco

• It is characterized by its elaborate and expressive sculptural detailing, commonly found above the entrance on the main facade of a building.

• The style popularized the use of Solomonic columns and the composite order, which is also known as the "supreme order".

Estipite

The Churrigueresque column, also called ____ , has the shape of an inverted cone or obelisk and is established as a central element of ornamental decoration.