Pre-IB Chemistry Chapter 5 Flashcards (copy)

____ created the first periodic table

Mendeleev

The first periodic table was based off of _____

atomic mass

The modern periodic table was created by _____.

Moseley

The modern periodic table is based off of _____

atomic number

Periodic Law

The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

Periodic Table

an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group

Lanthanides

The 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71

Actinides

The 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103

Noble Gases

Group 18 elements

Period

horizontally in rows

Groups

Vertical columns

Alkali metals

The elements of Group 1 of the periodic table; soft enough to cut with a knife, very reactive, melts at low temperatures

Alkaline-Earth Metals

The elements of Group 2 of the periodic table; higher melting points, less reactive than alkali metals, harder, denser, stronger

Hydrogen

doesn’t share the same properties as Group 1 elements

Helium

possesses chemical stability unlike Group 2 elements

Transition metals

The d-block elements with typical metallic properties; less reactive than alkali metals and alkaline earth metals

Main Group Elements

The p-Block elements together with the s-Block elements

Halogens

The elements of Group 17; most reactive non-metals

Atomic radius

one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

Ion

an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge

Ionization

Any process that results in the formation of an ion

Ionization Energy(IE)

The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

Ionization energies of the main group elements _____ across each period

increase

Among the main group elements, ionization generally ____ down the groups

decrease

Electron Affinity

the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom

Cation

a positive ion

Anion

a negative ion

Valence electrons

the electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds

Electronegativity

a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound

Electronegativities tend to _____ across each period

increase

Electronegativities tend to either ____ down a group or remain about the same

decrease