holy roman empire v. conflict

oh no

the holy roman empire federation

a loose federation of german states, ruled by an emperor elected by princes. the holy emperors were unable to unite these states into a unified germany because of power struggles between nobility and roman catholic church.

duke otto the first v. the church

otto closely worked w/ the church and helped their conflicts. this results in him getting the title of emperor, but it brings him and the church too close. he grew powerful and desired the wealth of italy, and started church affairs and it soon caused conflict w/ the church officials. this makes the church need to use clunaic reforms.

pope gregory vs. henry IV

pope gregory was reforming the church and hated the monarchs. he separated the church and secular and banned lay investiture- this became a huge point of conflict. the result of this is that henry IV was excommunicated, and the land faced an interdict. in the end, only the church had the power to elect officials (concordat of worms).

fredrick the first & frederick II v. many popes

they two wanted to conquer the wealthy cities of italy and sicily, and it helped that fredrick II was well educated. however, none of them had success, as the popes and nobles gained lots of power and shut them down.

pope innocent III v. everyone

during his reign, the church was at the heigh of its power. he clashed w/ empires and won and was able to excommunicate john and philip II. he led to a brutal crusade w philip II to defeat the albigensians (the albigensian crusade).

phillip IV v. pope boniface VIII

philip successfully challenged and killed the pope, and was able to move papal powers