Chem Final Review

What is the unit for energy in the labs?

What is the unit for energy in the labs?

Joules (J)

the scientific measurements of heat transfer is called __________, while the device used to measure heat transfer is called a __________

calorimetry, calorimeter

another name for the temperature probe is a

thermocouple

The labs were

qualitative - observations

the specific heat of water is (include the unit)

4.18 J/g °C

In our specific heat lab, the heat lost by the metal should have been equal to the heat gained by the ______

water

if you have two liquids and the specific heat of liquid 1 is 2.35 and the specfic heat of liquid 2 is 3.50, which liquid would boil first?

liquid 1

a hydrocarbon substituent is called a/an

alkyl group

which of the following would have ultimate priority in numbering chains?

double bonds

if an alkane had 12 carbons, how many hydrogens will it have?

26

alkenes have

one or more triple bonds

an alkyl halide is a hydrocarbon with which of the following attached?

halogen

an isomer differs in name but has the same

molecular formula

cis and trans isomers of alkenes are examples of

geometric isomers

how many covalent bonds surround each carbon in organic compounds?

4

What is a representative particle for an ionic compound?

formula unit

One mole is a measure of

quantity

the percent composition is a measure of the percent by

mass

In our lab, empirical formulas, which measures were 1:1 between oxygen and magnesium _______

moles

ionic compounds require

empirical formulas

What is the unit of molar mass?

grams/mole

What is the unit of Avogadro’s number?

particles per mole

What conversion factors would allow you to convert from moles to liters of a gas at STP?

molar volume constant

In factor-label math, the unit of the answer can be found in?

the top of the last space

The only way to change from one substance to another is

mole to mole from the balanced equation

Substances on the left side of a balanced equation are known as

reactants

stoichiometry is

the math relations of chemical reactions

what controls how much product is produced in a chemical reaction?

limiting reactant

it is not stoichiometry unless there is

a reaction

a substance left behind by evaporation is called

residue

what you mix Mg with HCl it results in

single replacement

term for two soluble liquids

miscible

part of the solution that does the dissolving

solvent

gel-like heterogeneous mixture, like toothpaste, with intermediate particle size

colloid

the act of dissolving

solution

soap and detergents

surfactants

general term for a solution with a small amount of solute

dilute

general term for a solution wiht a large quantity of solute

concentration

metal and metal solution

alloy

colligative property that decreases and explains why mud puddles are slow to evaporate

vapor pressure

colligative property for phase change

boiling or freezing point

unit of molality

mol/kg

part of a water molecule that surrounds the anion

polar hydrogen

part of the solution that is dissolved

solute

a homogeneous mixture of two substances in the same state

solution

factors affected by the same amount of solute

colligative properties

removes moisture from the air and turns solid

desiccant

unit for molarity

mol/L

part of the water molecule that surrounds the cation

polar oxygen

a polar molecule

water

heterogeneous mixture wiht the largest partilce size

suspension

Why did we use the ideal gas law in the lab problems with stoichiometry?

to account for room conditions

List the 4 variables that describe a gas

pressure, volume, temperature, and moles

what is the formula for percent error?

I T.Y. - A.Y. / T.Y I x 100

when the temperature on a gas increases the volume of that gas will _____, as defined by ______

increase; Charles Law

brackets in solution chemistry means

molarity

a Bronsted-Lowery acid is a

proton donor

What is a common anion produced by the ionization of a base (like water)?

amphoteric

another name for a hydrogen ion is

a proton

a solution in which the hydrogen ion concentration is greater than the hudroxide concentrarion is called a/an

acidic solution

Arrhenius said an acid was any substance that

produces hydrogen ions in water

the pH of a 1.0 M solution of HCl is

0

pH is the

negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration

the most acidic color of phenolphthalein is

clear

the products of neutralization are

salt and water

the hydrogen ion concentration of pure water is

1 x 10 ^-7

a Lewis base is a/an

electron donor

Gas particles are in constant, rapid, and _____ motion and have perfectly _______ collisions

random, elastic

gases can also be sqeezed. the PowerPoint called this property

compressibility

when the volume of a gas is decreased the pressure on that gas will ____ as defined by _______ law

increases, Boyle’s

it would only be possible to accomplish standard conditions if the work were done at ______ on a day when the temperature was __ degrees Celsius

sea level, 0

gases move from high to low pressure by a process called _______ and fill their containers completely by the process of ________

diffusion, dispersion

an acid that ionizes completely in water is called a

strong acid

a neutralization procedure to determine unknown concentration is called

titration

what dilute solution would have a high pH?

NaOH

a substance that changes color with a change in pH is called a/an

indicator

What is the formula to calculate heat energy we used in all three labs?

Q = mCΔT