Chapter 7

What is nutrients?

A substance needed by a laving organisms to survive, grow and reproduce.

What is respiration?

Respiration is the process that the body uses to release energy from digested food.

What is the formula of aerobic respiration?

glucose + oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

What is the definition of a balance diet?

A diet that contains all the essential nutrients in the correct proportion.

What re the 7 essential groups of nutrients?

• Carbohydrates

• Fat

• Protein

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Fibre

• Water

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

• Main source of energy

• Excess carbohydrates may be stored as fat

What are the functions of fats?

• Important source of energy

• Energy store

• Provide insulation

• Needed to make new cell membranes

• 2 types: solid fats (animal) & liquid fats (oils from plant) at room temperature

What are the functions of what are the functions of protein?

• Very important nutrients for many significant body functions

• Making new cells

• Growth

• A main substance for enzymes and antibodies

• Can be used to provide energy

What are the effects of deficiency of carbohydrates?

• Tiredness/weakness,

• Headaches

• Dizziness

What are the effects of deficiency of fats?

• Dry scaly skins

• Dry eyes,

• Feeling constantly cold,

• Hormonal problems

What are the effects of deficiency of protein?

• Slow/stunted growth

• Reduced immune system

What are the vitamins?

• Vitamin C

• Vitamin D

What are the minerals?

• Iron

• Calcium

What are the sources of Vitamin C?

Citrus fruits

What are the sources of Vitamin D?

Dairy products

What are the sources of iron?

• Red meat

• Dark green vegetables (spinach)

What are the sources of Calcium?

• Dairy products

• Fish

What are the effects of deficiency of Vitamin C?

Scurvy

What are the effects of deficiency of Vitamin D?

Rickets

What are the effects of deficiency of iron?

Anemia

What are the effects of deficiency of calcium?

Weak bones and teeth

What are the functions of Vitamin C?

• To build strong skin

• Improve immune systemImportant for strong bones and teeth

What are the functions of Vitamin D?

Important for strong bones and teeth

What are the functions of Iron?

Needed to make red blood cells (haemoglobin), which carries oxygen around the body

What are the functions of Calcium?

Important for strong bone and teeth

What is scurvy?

Scurvy is a disease caused by not having enough vitamin c in your diet

What are the symptoms of scurvy?

• tiredness

• muscle weakness

• joint and muscle aches

• a rash on the legs

• bleeding gums

What is rickets?

A condition characterized by weak and soft bones in children due to the deficiency in vitamin d which prevents the deposition of calcium salts in bones.

What are the functions of fibre?

• Cannot be digested

• Helps push the food along the intestines

What are the functions of water

• 60-70% of human body consist of water

• Solvent for substances in the body

• Where chemical reactions occur

• Maintain body optimal temperature

What are the effects of deficiency of fibre?

Constipation

What are the effects of deficiency of water?

Dehydration

What are the factors affecting the human dietary needs?

• Age

• Gender

• Activities

• Pregnancy

• Breast-feeding mother

What is the definition of malnutrition?

A condition resulting from a diet lacking in or too rich in nutrients.

What is marasmus?

Not enough carbohydrate/fat (energy food) and protein

What are the symptoms of marasmus?

• Child has a very thin body and wrinkled skin

• Weight loss

• Head appears large for the body

• Stunted growth

• Dry skin and eyes

• Dry, brittle hair

• Lethargy, weakness

• Diarrhea

What is kwashiorkor?

Imbalance intake of carbohydrate (high) and protein (low)

What are the symptoms of kwashiorkor?

• Loss of muscle cells

• Enlarged tummy

• Red inflamed skin

• Dry brittle hair

• Loss of appetite

• Failure to grow in height for children

• Tiredness or irritability

What is the alimentary canal?

The whole long passage which food passes through the body from mouth to anus during digestion

What are the organs of the alimentary canal?

• Mouth

• Oesophagus

• Stomach

• Small Intestine

• Large intestine

• Rectum

• Anus

How does food travel through the alimentary canal?

Food travels, pushed from mouth to stomach through esophagus with the help of Peristalsis and Fibre.