Medical Terminology for Health Professions 8th Edition, Chapter 5, Learning Exercises

arteri/o

arteries

angi/o, vas/o

Blood vessels

card/o, cardi/o

heart

leuk/o

white

phleb/o, ven/o

veins

thromb/o

clot

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

leukocytes

Defend body against infective organisms and foreign substances

sinoatrial node

In posterior wall of right atrium.

Heart's natural pacemaker.

coronary arteries

Supply oxygen-rich blood to Myocardium

thrombocytes

smallest formed elements, important role in clotting of blood

embolus

A foreign object circulating in blood, may be a blood clot quantity of air or gas, or piece of tissue or tumor

neutrophils

Immune system defense

heart

Muscular organ, furnishes power to maintain blood flow, pericardium

myocardium

muscular middle layer (Walls of Heart)

epicardium

external layer of the heart (Walls of Heart)

endocardium

inner lining of the heart (Walls of Heart)

pericardium

membranous sac enclosing the heart

bradycardia

heart rate below 60 beats/min

duplex ultrasound

The diagnostic procedure that images the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Most common type of heart disease

electrocardiogram

EKG, ECG

atrial fibrillation

Contractions of atria become rapid and uncontrolled

myocardial infarction

the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup, damage to myocardium impairs heart's ability to pump blood throughout the body, frequent symptoms: pain or pressure in middle of chest that may spread to back, jaw, or left arm, may be asymptomatic

ventricular fibrillation

Rapid, irregular contractions of ventricles, may cause sudden death

sepsis

infection in the bloodstream

beta-blocker medication

slows heartbeat

megaloblastic anemia

Larger than normal red blood cells

antihypertensive medication

lowers high blood pressure.

endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

serum

plasma minus the clotting factor

thrombocytopenia

abnormally small number of circulating platelets, often associated with abnormal bleeding

carotid endarterectomy

removal of the portion of clogged carotid artery

valvular prolapse

abnormal protrusion of heart valve ; valve cannot close completely

nitroglycerin medication

relieves pain of angina

aneurysmorrhaphy

surgical suturing of aneurysm

aplastic (break down)

a-, plast, -ic

electrocardiography

Non invasive recording of the electrical activity of myocardium

polyarteritis

involves several medium and small arteries

valvuloplasty

surgical repair of a heart valve

hemangioma

Benign tumor composed of newly formed blood vessels.

thrombosis

blood clot

varicose veins

abnormally swollen veins due to improper functioning of valves

angina

Inadequate blood flow to myocardium, resulting in chest pain may worsen due to continued restricted blood flow, may lead to myocardial infarction

orthostatic hypotension

occurs when a person's blood pressure falls when suddenly standing up from a lying or sitting position

myelodysplastic syndrome

Cancer due to insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells, may progress to acute myeloid leukemia

electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

artificial respiration/manual external cardiac compression

thrombolytic

dissolves thrombi

hemostasis

stopping or controlling bleeding

phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein

aneurysmectomy

The surgical removal of an aneurysm

angiectomy

The surgical removal of a portion of a blood vessel

phlebostenosis

The abnormal narrowing of the lumen of a vein.

angiorrhaphy

The suture repair of any vessel, especially a blood vessel

pericardiorrhaphy

To suture the tissue surrounding the heart

venography

Viewing of specific veins after injecting dye

capill/o

capillaries

cardiovascular system

consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Blood

Liquid tissue, transports oxygen/nutrients, returns waste products, carries carbon dioxide, and important in immune and endocrine systems

Coronary veins

remove waste products from the myocardium

Atria

All blood enters heart through these two upper chambers

Ventricles

two lower chambers that pump throughout the entire body

triscupid valve

controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Has three cusps (points)

pulmonary semilunar valve

located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

aortic semilunar valve

located between the left ventricle and the aorta

pulmonary circulation

Flow of blood between the heart and the lungs

systemic circulation

Flow of blood to all the body except to the lungs

Heartbeat

Pumping of blood throughout the body by contraction and relaxation of heart.

Rate and regularity determined by electrical impulses to myocardium

atrioventricular node

On the floor of right atrium

Bundle of His

Within the interventricular septum

Purkinje Fibers

Within the walls of ventricles.

stimulation causes ventricles to contract

conduction system

Visualized as wave movements on EKG (or ECG)

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Aorta is the largest artery in the body.

Arterioles

small arteries, carry blood to the capillaries

Aorta

Largest artery in the body

Capillaries

Deliver oxgyen/nutrients to the cells

Venules

smallest veins, join to form larger veins

veins

carry blood to the heart, valves prevent backflow of blood

Pulse

Rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery, caused by contraction of the heart

Blood Pressure

Amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of arteries

diastolic pressure

occurs when the ventricles are relaxed

Plasma

Contains nutrients, hormones, wastes

Fibrinogen

clotting proteins in plasma

Erythrocytes

mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow, transport oxygen to the tissues

Hemoglobin

is oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment

Basophils

Cause symptoms of allergies

Lymphocytes

Produce antibiotics

Monocytes

Immunological defense

Blood Types

classified according to the presence, or absence of certain antigens; four major blood types are A, B, AB, and O followed by Rh factor

Rh antigen present

Rh positive

Rh antigen absent

Rh negative

blood gases

Gases normally dissolved in plasma. Major blood gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen

Cardiologist

diagnoses and treats abnormalities of the heart

Hematologist

diagnose and treats abnormalities in blood

vascular surgeon

diagnoses and treats disorders of blood vessels

Congenital Heart Defects

Abnormalities present in the heart at birth, may not be detected until later in life

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries

Causes insufficient supply of oxygen, may cause angina, myocardial infarction, or death

Atherosclerosis

hardening and narrowing of the arteries, caused by buildup of plaque on interior walls of arteries

Ischemia

due to restricted blood flow causing insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues.