Locomotion and Movement

vertebral column

The ________ protects the spinal cord, supports the head and serves as the point of attachment for the ribs and musculature of the back.

Thoracic vertebrae

________, ribs and sternum together form the rib cage.

clavicle

Each ________ is a long slender bone with two curvatures.

Cilia

________ and flagella are the outgrowths of the cell membrane.

Flagellar movement

________ helps in the swimming of spermatozoa, maintenance of water current in the canal system of sponges, and in the locomotion of Protozoans like Euglena.

facial region

The ________ is made up of 14 skeletal elements which form the front part of the skull.

Joints

________ are essential for all types of movements involving the bony parts of the body.

articulation surfaces

It has two ________ on its dorsal end and is hence called bicephalic.

regular distance

The head and short arm projects outwards at a(n) ________ and angle from each other from the surface of a polymerised myosin filament and is known as a cross arm.

Myofibril

________ has a striated appearance which is due to the distribution pattern of two important proteins- Actin and Myosin.

Sternum

________ is a flat bone on the ventral midline of thorax.

Muscle

________ is a specialized tissue of mesodermal origin.

vertebra

Each ________ has a central hollow portion (neural canal) through which the spinal cord passes.

passage of ova

The ________ through the female reproductive tract is also facilitated by ciliary movement.

Cytoskeletal elements

________ like microfilaments are also involved in the amoeboid movement.

age related disorder

A(n) ________ is characterised by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures.

Bone

________ and cartilage are specialised connective tissues.

Pectoral

________ and Pelvic girdle bones help in the articulation of the upper and the lower limbs respectively with the axial skeleton.

Meromyosins

Many monomeric proteins called ________ constitute one thick filament.

Locomotion

________ requires a perfectly coordinated activity of muscular, skeletal, and neural systems.

pelvic girdle

The ________ consists of two coxal bones.

contractile property of muscles

The ________ is effectively used for locomotion and other movements by human beings and the majority of multicellular organisms.

skull

The ________, vertebral column, sternum and ribs constitute the axial skeleton.

ATP

The ________ is again hydrolysed by the myosin head and the cycle of cross- bridge formation and breakage is repeated causing further sliding.

limbs

The bones of the ________ along with their girdles constitute the appendicular skeleton.

rib

Each ________ is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to the vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum.

tiny bones

Each middle ear contains three ________- Malleus, Incus and Stapes, collectively called Ear Ossicles.

globular head

The ________ is an active ATPase enzyme and has binding sites for ATP and active sites for actin.

endoplasmic reticulum

The ________, i.e., the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fibres is the storehouse of calcium ions.

Myoglobin content

________ is high in some of the muscles which give a reddish appearance.

skeletal system

The ________ consists of a framework of bones and a few cartilages.

autoimmune disorder

The ________ affects the neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle.

muscle fibre

A(n) ________ is a syncitium as the sarcoplasm contains many nuclei.

number of cervical vertebrae

The ________ is seven in almost all mammals including human beings.

Visceral muscles

________ are located in the inner walls of hollow visceral organs of the body like the alimentary canal, reproductive tract, etc.

successive ‘ Z lines

The portion of the myofibril between two ________ is considered the functional unit of contraction and is called a sarcomere.

thick filaments

Actin filaments are thinner as compared to myosin filaments, hence are commonly called thin and ________ respectively.

progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle

The ________ is mostly due to genetic disorders.

Joints

________ have been classified into three major structural forms.

thoracic vertebrae

Dorsally, they are attached to the ________ and ventrally connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.

vertebra

The first ________ is the atlas and it articulates with the occipital condyles.

Muscle

________ contains a red- coloured oxygen- storing pigment called myoglobin.

Joints

________ are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages.

Myofibril has a striated appearance which is due to the distribution pattern of two important proteins

Actin and Myosin

It is grouped into two principal divisions

the axial and the appendicular skeleton

Each middle ear contains three tiny bones

Malleus, Incus and Stapes, collectively called Ear Ossicles

Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones

ilium, ischium and pubis