imos midterm

Clay Properties

ductile, high compression strength, insulating, can be chemically transformed

Clay building blocks

Silica Tetrahedron, aluminua Octahedron, water

Why is clay ductile?

the small particle size, water/space between sheets

Temper

Used to prevent shrinkage/cracks (bone, shells, charcoal, wood ash)

Primary source of clay

forms and remains at or near the site of the original parent rock

Secondary Source of Clay

weathered clay particles are transported away from the source by natural forces like wind and waterq

Early uses of clay

pottery, figurines, ocarina, buildings, sickle, cuneiform (writing)

Thing 

a gathering

Affordance

A property that is valuable at the time

Constraint

a restriction

Rare Earths

A class of materials that, when alloyed or mixed with other elements, can offer a range of fascinating property changes from fluorescence to increased magnetism

Amorphous

Non crystalline

Critical material

considered vital for the economic well-being of the world's major and emerging economies, yet whose supply may be at risk due to geological scarcity, geopolitical issues, trade policy or other factors.

Functional Ceramics

Materials that can convert energy from one form
to another or respond in unusual ways to external
stimulai

Faience

the world's oldest glazed ceramic, a non-clay, quartz-based material that was a precursor to modern glass and ceramics.

Natron/Network modifier

Sodium, drops the melting point by ending the network

Lime in glass

network former that helps strengthen the network

Core wound vessels

pot made from winding glass

Operation Chain

tool used in
Anthropology to study the step-by-step
production, use, and eventual disposal of
artifacts

Additive manufacturing

making a clay pot, adding while making

reductive manufacturing

taking away, knapping

Borosilicate glass pyrex

the addition of boron trioxide to its silica base

piezoelectric ceramic

the ability to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa

Smelting

process through which the copper ore is purified through intense heating and melting to derive high quality copper or copper products (from malachite)

Bronze

An alloy of copper and an impurity (Arsenic or Tin)

Four roles of money

media of exchange, a way to store vaule, a standard of value, payment

Coinage Criteria

• rare

• not a gas

• not radioactive

• non reactive/inert

Cuppellation

Silver from lead, shells absorb lead

Amalgamation

extracting gold using mercury, crush rocks to expose gold

liquation

extracting gold and silver from copper using lead, leaves you with electrum

parting 

extracting gold and silver from each other using salt

slucing

extracting gold from gravel using gravity

Intensification

making a lot of things at a time leads to an exhaustion of resources

clinker

heating clay and limestone to then mix with other materials to form binder for concrete