Chapter 1 Human Orientation Vocab

Chapter 1 vocab for Anatomy Physiology

Homeostasis

Condition in which all of the body systems are working together to maintain internal stability

Anatomy

Study of the structure and shape of the body and labeling

Organism

A living thing

Atoms

Tiny building blocks of matter that make up our molecules and combine to form molecules

Cells

Smallest unit of all living things (Made up of molecules)

Tissues

Group of similar cells that have common function

Organs

Structure composed of two or more tissue types

Integumentary System

External covering of the body (skin, hair, fingernails)

Skeletal System

Consists of bones, cartilages, joints, it support the body, and creates movement

Muscular System

Formed from skeletal muscles, contracts and shortens the body

Nervous System

Send messages to rest of the body, and is the body’s fast acting control system

Endocrine System

Organs that produce hormones (Glands)

Cardiovascular System

Uses blood as a carrier to the system delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substance and gets rid of waste

Lymphatic System

Prevent diseases (immune), remove waste and excess fluids

Respiratory System

Keeps the body supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Digestion

Process of breaking ingested food physically and chemically and can be absorbed into the blood

Digestive System

Process of preparing food physically and chemically

Urinary System

Filters blood, excess ions and waste

Reproductive System

Produce offspring

Irritability

Ability to sense changes in environment and react to them

Gross Anatomy

Large structures of the body, that we can see and studying the body, shape, and naming

Microscopic Anatomy

Very small structures of the body we can only see through a microscope, and studying body, shape and naming

Metabolism

Every chemical process that occur in a living organism

Nutrients

What the body takes in through food that contain chemicals used for energy and cell building

Frontal Section (Coranal Section)

Cut along lengthwise plane that divides the organ/body into Anterior and Posterior parts

Transverse/Cross Section

cut horizontal plane that dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Effector

Provides the means for the control centers response

Efferent Pathway

Information flows from control center to the effector

Control Center

Determines the set point at when a variable is to maintained

Negative Feedback

Control mechanism responds to shut off original stimulus or reduce intensity

Receptor

Type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in environment

Positive Feedback

Mechanism that are rare because they increase original stimulus and push variable father from original value

Sagittal Section

Cut that separates the body into right and left parts

Midsagittal Section

Cut down the median plane of the body into equal left and right parts

Viscera

Internal Organs in the main cavities of the body

Growth

Increase in cell size, body size, by an increase in number of cells

Oblique Section

Cut by plane at angle other than 90 degrees