WHAP Period 3 - Test - Big Ideas

The Industrial Revolution

• Shift from manpower to machine based production

Reforms:

• Child Labor laws, Social Changes

Did people care about the environment?

• No

Women and Children in workforces

• Cheap labor, poor working conditions

Consumer Culture:

• Increased goods, availability, capitalism flourished

Communism + Socialism

• Karl Marx: Proletariat (workers) vs. Bourgeois (owners)

• Lenin and the Bolsheviks: Socialism, not full Communism

• Vanguard party: Lenin’s idea for an elite group to lead the revolution.

• Lenin in exile (Switzerland): Avoiding Tsarist persecution

Political Revolutions

French Revolution

• Declaration of the Rights of Man - All men Equal under the Law

• Overthrow of Monarchy: Rise of democracy - American Revolution

• Declaration of Independence: Natural Rights, Inspired by Enlightenment Ideas

Latin American Revolutions:

• Simon Bolivar: Led Independence movements

• Monroe Doctrine: US policy opening European interference in the Americas

Enlightenment + Political Thought

• John Locke: Natural Rights (Life,Liberty,Property)

• Divine Right of Kings: Justification for absolute monarchy

• Freedom of Religion : Key Enlightenment Principle

• Adam Smith + Laissez-Faire Economics: Minimal government interference

Imperialism + Colonization

Africa:

• Berlin Conference: European powers divided Africa

• Horrors of the Congo: King Leopold it’s brutal rule, mass deaths

• Social Darwinism + Paternalism: Justifications for European Domination

China

• Opium Wars: England vs. China over opium trade

India

• Under British Control: Economic Exploitation, cultural imposition

Modernization Efforts

Meiji Restoration (Japan)

• Opened to trade, industrialized rapidly

• US role: Forced Japan to open its ports

Ottoman Empire + Tanzimat Reforms:

• Attempt to modernize and resist European domination

Global Consequences of Industrialization

Rapid Technology Advancements

• Steam Engines, Railroads

Social Improvements lagged behind

• Poor working conditions, low wages

First Modern Genocide

• Congo Free State under Belgian rule