Global warming

GLOBAL WARMING

:refers to the long-term increase in Earth's

average surface temperature, primarily attributed to human

activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and

industrial processes.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

This gas is primarily released through

the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

Methane (CH4)

is emitted

during the production and transport of fossil fuels, livestock

digestion, and the decay of organic waste in landfills.

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

This gas results from agricultural and

industrial activities, as well as the combustion of fossil fuels and

solid waste.

Water Vapor (H2O)

While not directly emitted by human

activities, changes in other greenhouse gases can influence

water vapor levels, amplifying the overall greenhouse effect

Deforestation

While not directly emitted by human

activities, changes in other greenhouse gases can influence

water vapor levels, amplifying the overall greenhouse effect

• Human activities Contributing to Emissions

Land-use changes

is a process by which human activities

transform the natural landscape, referring to how land has

been used, usually emphasizing the functional role of land

for economic activities.

Aerosol

also shape the climate as they

circulate in the atmosphere. Some of these particles can reflect

sunlight, helping to cool the atmosphere

Black Carbon

is the sooty black material emitted

from gas and diesel engines, coal-fired power plants, and other

sources that burn fossil fuel.

of 0.14° Fahrenheit (0.08° Celsius) per decade

Earth’s temperature has risen by an average of _____

Biodiversity los

It encompasses the reduction in the number

of species, their genetic diversity, and the variety of ecosystems

they inhabit.

Changes in Ecosystem

Global warming affects natural

ecosystems. This means it modifies the timing of seasons

Agricultural

Heatwaves, storms, and droughts have an impact

on the productivity of agriculture, which can cause food

shortages and economies to fall apart in areas where farming is

the primary source of income

Human Health

Environmental factors such as air pollution,

heat waves, and changes in disease patterns can make people

sick

Displacement and migration

People are forced to migrate

due to extreme weather events and rising sea levels, which

creates social, economic, and political challenges.

Montreal Protocol (1987 – 1989)

Its primary goal was to address the status and the slow but

immense depletion of the ozone layer at the time of its creation

by effectively targeting, suppressing, and presenting to the

limelight or publicizing the harmful effects of continuous use of

CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons), halons, and other substances

collectively named as ODS (ozone depleting substances).

KYOTO Protocol (February 6, 2005)

It introduces market-based mechanisms such as emissions

trading and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to help

countries meet their targets more cost-effectively.

Paris Agreement

Its main goal is to limit global temperature increase to well below

2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit

the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius, where each country sets its

own nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions.