Unit 1 Exam

Nomad

A person who moves from place to place rather than settling permanently in one location.

Homo sapien

The species name for modern humans, characterized by large brains and the use of complex tools.

Domestication

The process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use, leading to agricultural development.

Irrigation

A method of supplying water to crops through canals or pipes to enhance agricultural productivity.

Agricultural Revolution

The significant change in human history when agriculture began, leading to settled societies.

Jericho

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, located in the West Bank, known for its ancient walls and history dating back to Paleolithic times.

Aleppo

An ancient city in modern-day Syria, which has been continuously inhabited for thousands of years, known for its rich history, architecture, and as a major trade center

Stonehenge

A prehistoric monument located in Wiltshire, England, consisting of a ring of standing stones, known for its mysterious origins and connections to ancient rituals.

Mesopotamia

An ancient region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, often referred to as the cradle of civilization.

Fertile Crescent

A crescent-shaped region in the Middle East known for its fertile soil and early agricultural development.

Ziggurats

Massive structures built in ancient Mesopotamia, serving as temples and administrative centers.

Theocracy

A system of government where priests rule in the name of a deity.

Cuneiform

The earliest known system of writing, developed by the Sumerians of Mesopotamia.

Phoenicians

An ancient civilization known for their maritime trading and the development of the alphabet.

Akkadian

An ancient Semitic civilization that ruled over Mesopotamia and is known for its military conquests.

Assyria

An ancient Mesopotamian empire known for its powerful army and extensive library at Nineveh.

Babylon

An ancient city in Mesopotamia that became a major cultural and economic center.

Sumerian

The civilization that developed in southern Mesopotamia, credited with many innovations in writing, agriculture, and governance.

Early Religions

 Refers to belief systems such as Buddhism and Hinduism, which emerged in different cultures.

Monotheism

The belief in a single, all-powerful deity.

Polytheism

The belief in multiple gods or deities.

Judaism

The monotheistic religion of the Hebrews, one of the oldest known organized religions.

Hebrews

An ancient people regarded as the ancestors of the Jewish people, pivotal in the development of monotheism.

Papyrus

An ancient writing material made from the papyrus plant, used primarily in Egypt.

Rosetta Stone

An artifact that helped scholars decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics.

Hieroglyphics

A formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt, combining logographic and alphabetic elements.

Nefertiti

An Egyptian queen known for her beauty and her role in promoting the worship of the sun god Aten.

Ramses II

A pharaoh known for his military leadership and large construction projects, including temples.

Tutankhamun

A pharaoh of Egypt whose tomb was discovered nearly intact, providing great insights into ancient Egyptian culture.

Thutmose III

A pharaoh known for expanding Egypt’s empire and many military victories.

Hatshepsut

A female pharaoh known for her prosperous reign and extensive building projects.

Mandate of Heaven

A Chinese political and religious doctrine used to justify the rule of the emperor.

Dynastic Cycle

The historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties in China.

Ancient Egypt Civilization settled by

The Nile River, which provided fertile land and fresh water.

Indus Valley Civilization settled by

Located near the Indus River, supporting agriculture and trade.

Ancient China Civilization settled by

Developed along the Yellow River (Huang He) and Yangtze River, crucial for agricultural sustenance.

Ancient Mesopotamia Civilization settled by

Situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, conducive for farming and city development.