SNC 2D FINAL EXAM REVIEW

What is the atomic number in an atom?

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.

What is the mass number of an atom?

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

What are the three main types of particles in an atom?

Protons (positively charged), Neutrons (no charge), and Electrons (negatively charged).

What are valence electrons?

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

How many valence electrons do alkali metals have?

Alkali metals (Group 1) have 1 valence electron.

How do you name ionic compounds?

In ionic compounds, the metal retains its name, and the non-metal ends in '-ide', with the charges crossed to determine subscripts.

What is the naming convention for molecular compounds?

In molecular compounds, prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, etc.) indicate the number of atoms, and the second element ends in '-ide'.

What are binary ions?

Binary ions are ions formed from two elements, such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻.

What characterizes a physical change?

A physical change involves a change in the form or state of matter without altering the chemical composition.

What defines a chemical change?

A chemical change results in the formation of new substances with different properties.

What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

The total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the reaction.

What is the general format for a chemical reaction?

The general format is: Reactants → Products.

What are the five main types of chemical reactions?

Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Displacement, Double Displacement, and Combustion.

What do acids donate in water?

Acids donate H⁺ ions in water.

What do bases do in water?

Bases donate OH⁻ ions or accept H⁺ ions in water.

What is the purpose of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

The diaphragm controls the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A eukaryotic cell has a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body.

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is the process where a cell divides its nucleus and contents to form two identical daughter cells.

What are stem cells?

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into various cell types.

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

Cancer cells grow uncontrollably, do not undergo death when damaged (apoptosis), and can invade surrounding tissues.