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Volcano
Opening or vent in a planet’s crust where molten rock, ash, and gases escape from below
Mostly located on boundaries of tectonic plates
Divergent Boundary
When tectonic plates move away from each other causing earthquakes and volcanic activity. The cooled magma produces an oceanic crust.
Convergent Boundary
When tectonic plates collide, it can create mountain ranges or trenches
Ring of Fire
Contain 75% of volcanoes
Mount Vesuvius
A stratovolcano located in Italy and erupted in 79 AD
Mount Pinatubo
An active stratovolcano in the Zambales, Philippines that erupted in 1999
Active Volcanoes
Has erupted within 10,000 years or erupted in recorded history
Mt. Asog/Iriga
Inactive volcano in Camarines Sur
Mt. Labo
Inactive volcano in Camarines Norte
Inactive Volcanoes
Has not erupted in a while but is capable of eruptingÂ
Extinct Volcanoes
Has not erupted in recent history or has depleted magma supply
Mt. Batulao
Extinct volcano in Batangas
Composite/Stratovolcano
The most common type of volcano; a tall crater where pyroclastic materials and lava escape
Height is due to cooled-down volcanic materials
Magma has a high content of silica, making the lava thick or viscous and capable of reaching great heightsÂ
Ex. Mayon Volcano, Albay; Mt. Krakatoa, Indonesia; Mt. Pelee, Martinique
Shield Volcano
Flat and broad
Has a lower percentage of silicaÂ
Ex. Mt Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Cinder/Pyroclastic Cones
Made up of pyroclasts or fragments of volcanic rocks that form around volcanic craters
Most only erupt onceÂ
Ex. Taal Volcano
Crust
The outermost layer of the earth, the upper layer of lithosphere
Mantle
Thicker layer under crust
Asthenosphere
Portion of mantle that contains molten rock
Geothermal Energy
Energy stored in the Earth’s crustÂ
Geothermal Reservoir
Where geothermal energy can be harnessed
Heat Source
Magma deep inside the earth
Water
Transport energy from the source
Cap Rock
Prevents water and steam from escaping
Hydrothermal Reservoirs
Contain hydrothermal fluids which are hot water or steam from porous rocksÂ
Geopressurized Resources
Involve brine, a solution of salt and water, which is trapped in a permeable layer of rock under high-pressure
Hot Dry Rock Reservoirs
Uses hot impermeable rocks underneath the Earth
Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS)
A fluid circulation system, through this, the rocks are fractured and water is turned into steam
Fumarole
Opening that emits steam and other gases
Hot Springs
Produced by water that is heated underground and pushed to the surface of the earth
Geysers
Occur in volcanic basins where porous, fissured rock containing pressurized water that is heated by nearby magma
Dry Steam Power Plants
The first type of power plant to be builtÂ
Use steam taken from directly drilling underground
Steam passes through a pipe, spins the turbine, powers up the generator, steam goes to a condenser, turns back to liquid, and is injected back undergroundÂ
Flash Steam Power Plants
Hydrothermal fluids at a temperature of higher than 360 degrees Celsius
The pressured water is pushed to the surface and enters a separator; the temperature drops turning it to steam, and the steam spins the turbine
Fluids not turned into steam join the condensed water from the steam and injected back into the heat sourceÂ
Binary Power Plants
The hydrothermal fluids never go in contact with the turbine or generator
Uses a liquid with a lower boiling point than water (isopentane or isobutene)