Intro to Trauma & Trauma-Informed Care

Retired Canadian General __________ Dallaire was on a ___________ mission in Rwanda when he sensed genocide coming up but no one helped, so he wrote ________ that criticized the __________ community for not helping

Ex. NATO, the UN, Canadian Military, and the USA

Retired Canadian General ROMEO Dallaire was on a PEACEKEEPING mission in Rwanda when he sensed genocide coming up but no one helped, so he wrote BOOKS that criticized the INTERNATIONAL community for not helping

All the people we work with who come into contact with the criminal justice system must be met with ___________ ___________

All the people we work with who come into contact with the criminal justice system must be met with EQUAL TREATMENT

Trauma-Informed Care is assessing one’s ____________ in order to look at __________ ___________/intervention for them, such as psychiatric care

Trauma-Informed Care is assessing one’s NEEDS in order to look at APPROPRIATE PROGRAMMING/intervention for them, such as psychiatric care

Trauma-Informed Care emphasizes considering the client’s __________ ___________ ____________, where you don’t want to retraumatize them but rather provide __________, ___________, & _________ = restoring

Trauma-Informed Care emphasizes considering the client’s PAST TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES, where you don’t want to retraumatize them but rather provide SUPPORT, HEALING, & EMPOWER = restoring

Trauma-Informed Care looks at providing ____________ & different ____________/processes to interact with clients

Ex. Client is more than just a victim/offender, they are a human with needs

Trauma-Informed Care looks at providing RESOURCES & different TECHNIQUES/processes to interact with clients

Trauma-informed care techniques when interacting with victims is to speak with trauma-informed ____________ & be mindful of your ___________, your ____________, your __________, body language, _________ __________, and to actively listen

Trauma-informed care techniques when interacting with victims is to speak with trauma-informed LANGUAGE & be mindful of your WORDS, your QUESTIONS, your BIASES, body language, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, and to actively listen

Trauma-informed care techniques when interacting with offenders is to not _____________, be mindful of their ___________ _________ experiences, actively listen, maintain ______________ by following ethics, & being a good ______________ in a hostile/confusing/scary situation as an officer

Trauma-informed care techniques when interacting with offenders is to not AGGRAVATE, be mindful of their PAST TRAUMATIC experiences, actively listen, maintain PROFESSIONALISM by following ethics, & being a good COMMUNICATOR in a hostile/confusing/scary situation as an officer

Trauma that is not transformed is transmitted means that when trauma is not _____________, it __________ and transforms through ___________

Ex. Intergenerational trauma from residential schools can transform to unhealthy coping mechanisms like abusing alcohol

Trauma that is not transformed is transmitted means that when trauma is not ADDRESSED, it PERSISTS and transforms through GENERATIONS

Trauma is not about what’s wrong with you, but what has happened to you, meaning one has had _________ ____________ that led to a ___________ of trauma

Ex. Abusing drugs/alcohol is an effect of something

Trauma is not about what’s wrong with you, but what has happened to you, meaning one has had ADVERSE EXPERIENCES that led to a CULMINATION of trauma

The formal definition of trauma is __________, ____________, & _________ responses to an __________ or _________ that __________ an individual’s ability to _____________ temporarily or long-term

Ex. A one time car crash vs. prolonged abusive household your entire childhood

The formal definition of trauma is PSYCHOLOGICAL, EMOTIONAL, & PHYSIOLOGICAL responses to an EVENT or EVENTS that OVERWHELMS an individual’s ability to COPE temporarily or long-term

Trauma can be __________, chronic, ____________, generational, or _______________ and it is not ___________ to a __________ time or __________

Trauma can be ACUTE, chronic, HISTORICAL, generational, or STRUCTURAL and it is not LIMITED to a SINGLE time or PLACE

Acute trauma is a _____________ and ____________ stress response to a ___________, overwhelming event

Ex. Car accident and you get a panic attack when you get in any car the next few days = fight or flight response

Acute trauma is a PSYCHOLOGICAL and PHYSIOLOGICAL stress response to a SINGLE, overwhelming event

Chronic trauma is when one is exposed to traumatic events ___________ or over a ____________ period

Ex. Domestic violence, childhood abuse, & sexual assault that is reoccurring

Chronic trauma is when one is exposed to traumatic events REPEATEDLY or over a PROLONGED period

Historical trauma is _____________ emotional & psychological wounding across ____________ which affects a specific __________/racial group

Ex. Residential schools & Indigenous Peoples dealing with loss of culture & language to this day

Historical trauma is CUMULATIVE emotional & psychological wounding across GENERATIONS which affects a specific CULTURAL/racial group

Generational trauma is trauma that is _________ ________ through __________ in __________

Ex. Parent grew up in abusive household > they become abusive to their own children who then get traumatized by the abuse

Generational trauma is trauma that is PASSED DOWN through GENERATIONS in FAMILIES

Structural trauma is trauma resulting from __________ __________, _________, & institutions that create __________ harm & distress within a __________

Ex. Same-sex marriage being illegal and then legal but then in the USA, there’s a chance for it to be illegal again in this political climate = same-sex couples & 2SLGBTQI+ individuals feel scared and traumatized

Structural trauma is trauma resulting from SOCIAL INEQUALITIES, POLICIES, & institutions that create ONGOING harm & distress within a POPULATION

Clients spending years in incarceration = no ______-________ relationships = ____________ in re-entering the ___________ because there are no __________ ________ ________ in their life, which can lead to entering the cycle of trauma & abuse again

Ex. Surrounding yourself around alcoholic people/ppl who abuse drugs because that’s who you fit in with

Clients spending years in incarceration = no PRO-SOCIAL relationships = DIFFICULTY in re-entering the COMMUNITY because there are no POSITIVE ROLE MODELS in their life, which can lead to entering the cycle of trauma & abuse again

When working with clients, always ___________ they have experienced ____________, but do not treat them like they are only their ____________

When working with clients, always ASSUME they have experienced TRAUMA, but do not treat them like they are only their TRAUMA

When one’s needs from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs isn’t met, they are at high risk of ____-____________ because if they don’t have their basic physiological needs met, they cannot ____________ other ________

Ex. Judging unhoused people and saying they need to get a job but these individuals don’t have access to basic physiological needs of food & water

When one’s needs from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs isn’t met, they are at high risk of RE-OFFENDING because if they don’t have their basic physiological needs met, they cannot ACCOMPLISH other GOALS

Basic _____________ needs from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is the _____________ for everything when it comes to setting someone up for better success

Basic PHYSIOLOGICAL needs from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is the FOUNDATION for everything when it comes to setting someone up for better success

When one’s needs are met, they feel ___________ to establish further needs on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, such as __________, where they can have security of ____________, or love/___________ like having ____________

When one’s needs are met, they feel SECURE to establish further needs on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, such as SAFETY, where they can have security of EMPLOYMENT, or love/BELONGING like having FRIENDSHIPS

When assessing and creating an _________ plan, practitioners can look at what ________ the client is needing from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to __________ those areas that lack __________

Ex. Prioritizing food, water, & sleep first before moving onto security of employment

When assessing and creating an INTERVENTION plan, practitioners can look at what NEEDS the client is needing from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs to PRIORITIZE those areas that lack SUPPORT

A person’s _______ ________ must be first met before they can reach their ________ __________, which is called ________-__________

A person’s BASIC NEEDS must be first met before they can reach their FULL POTENTIAL, which is called SELF-ACTUALIZATION

The major life areas that play a role in how one is set up for success include ________, BIPOC, newcomer, ___________, ___________ misuse, spirituality, __________ health, physical health, ________ _________, ___________ & leisure, __________ & ________, employment, ___________, & ________ insecurity

The major life areas that play a role in how one is set up for success include ACES, BIPOC, newcomer, 2SLGBTQI+, SUBSTANCE misuse, spirituality, MENTAL health, physical health, LEGAL ISSUES, SOCIALIZATION & leisure, FAMILY & FRIENDS, employment, FINANCES, & FOOD insecurity

Trauma-Informed Care is important when working with ________ of __________ & ___________ because you do not want to re-____________ them or cause them to _______ _________ because you need maintain communication & ___________ so you can do your job, have them cooperate, & help them

Trauma-Informed Care is important when working with SURVIVORS of VIOLENCE & PERPETRATORS because you do not want to re-TRAUMATIZE them or cause them to SHUT DOWN because you need maintain communication & RAPPORT so you can do your job, have them cooperate, & help them

Adverse childhood experiences is NOT a _________ ________ for __________, meaning not every child who experiences _____________ in childhood will have ___________ in _________

Adverse childhood experiences is NOT a CAUSATION FACTOR for ADULTHOOD, meaning not every child who experiences PROBLEMS in childhood will have PROBLEMS in ADULTHOOD

Lack of ________ parenting in ___________ increases the risk of ______ __________ when one grows older, and it can cause _________ ___________ & ________ conditions as one grows older from childhood to adolescence to adulthood

Lack of HEALTHY parenting in CHILDHOOD increases the risk of EARLY DEATH when one grows older, and it can cause DISRUPTED NEURODEVELOPMENT & HEALTH conditions as one grows older from childhood to adolescence to adulthood

When a child grows up with frequent _________ __________, such as __________, violence, or _____________, it causes their brains to change, specifically, their temporal lobes become ________ _______

When a child grows up with frequent ADVERSE EXPERIENCES, such as NEGLECT, violence, or ABUSE, it causes their brains to change, specifically, their temporal lobes become LESS ACTIVE

The first _______ years of __________ are the most important because as a baby, their __________ ___________ form connections when they feel __________ or a lack of ________

Ex. Mother always attending to their crying baby = baby feels loved and comfortable, sets precedence for how they progress through childhood in terms of depending on their mother

The first 5 years of CHILDHOOD are the most important because as a baby, their NEURAL PATHWAYS form connections when they feel LOVED or a lack of LOVE

The 10 adverse childhood experiences of trauma include abuse, which can be __________, __________, or __________ abuse

The 10 adverse childhood experiences of trauma include abuse, which can be PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, or SEXUAL abuse

Neglect can be an adverse childhood experience rooted in trauma, such as ___________ or __________

Ex. Silent treatment or starving your child

Neglect can be an adverse childhood experience rooted in trauma, such as PHYSICAL or EMOTIONAL

Household dysfunction is another adverse childhood experience, such as _________ _________, incarcerated relative, ____________ treated __________, __________ abuse, or divorce

Household dysfunction is another adverse childhood experience, such as MENTAL ILLNESS, incarcerated relative, MOTHER treated VIOLENTLY, SUBSTANCE abuse, or divorce

Knowing how trauma affects the brain can help inform ___________/_________ when working with clients, such as never _________ you know how someone’s going to _________ their traumatic event

Knowing how trauma affects the brain can help inform TECHNIQUES/PRACTICES when working with clients, such as never ASSUME you know how someone’s going to RECALL their traumatic event

The prefrontal cortex is in charge of __________-_________ ___________ such as ___________-__________, and this is not developed until you're 25 years old

The prefrontal cortex is in charge of HIGH-EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING such as DECISION-MAKING, and this is not developed until you're 25 years old

The hippocampus is the part of the brain that does _________ __________

The hippocampus is the part of the brain that does MEMORY STORAGE

The hippocampus protects itself against traumatic experiences, meaning victims can be __________ _________ of their own victimization, so if they aren’t reacting in a __________ way like you ________ them to, this does not mean they are lying because trauma affects ____________

The hippocampus protects itself against traumatic experiences, meaning victims can be UNRELIABLE NARRATORS of their own victimization, so if they aren’t reacting in a DISTRESSED way like you EXPECT them to, this does not mean they are lying because trauma affects MEMORY

When interviewing clients about a traumatic experience, ask questions that trigger the _________ ________, such as questions that ask about _________, smell, ________, environment, & __________

Ex. What smells do you remember when you were in that room?

When interviewing clients about a traumatic experience, ask questions that trigger the LIMBIC SYSTEM, such as questions that ask about SOUND, smell, WORDS, environment, & COLOUR

The amygdala is the ___________ part of the brain that senses ___________ and sounds the alarm if something _______ is happening and we need to _________

The amygdala is the SURVIVAL part of the brain that senses DANGER and sounds the alarm if something BAD is happening and we need to RESPOND

The amygdala survival response is rooted in fight or flight or ___________ or __________ or __________ response

The amygdala survival response is rooted in fight or flight or FREEZE or FLOP or FRIEND response

When reading through how a client acted in a way that was purely for survival, you need to suspend ___________ and not _________-_________ them for doing something you think you would’ve done

When reading through how a client acted in a way that was purely for survival, you need to suspend JUDGEMENT and not VICTIM-BLAME them for doing something you think you would’ve done

When the amygdala is activated in a dangerous situation, the prefrontal cortex is ______ _____ ______, meaning the amygdala is an __________ __________ that goes into action ________ when danger is sensed

When the amygdala is activated in a dangerous situation, the prefrontal cortex is NOT IN USE, meaning the amygdala is an EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISM that goes into action IMMEDIATELY when danger is sensed

Building ________ and _________ your client allows them to open up to you and focus on their memory recall

Building RAPPORT and REASSURING your client allows them to open up to you and focus on their memory recall