Chapter 8 - Ions in Solution

How is ionic strength calculated?

mu = ½ (sum of (cn * zn²))

C = concentration of the ion

Z = charge of the ion

Add them all up, report in Molar

How do you calculate activity coefficient and activity of an ion?

A = [ion] * activity coefficient } only when ionic strength is less than or equal to 0.1 M

log (activity coefficient) = (-0.51 z² sqrt (mu)) / (1 + (alpha sqrt (mu))/305)

mu = ionic strength

alpha = ion size (pm)

How do you write equilibrium equations and expressions?

K =([product]^number [product]^number)/([reactant]^number * [reactant]^number)

How do you write charge balance equations?

Write out all species and their

All positive charges = all negative charges

magnitude of charge * concentration of ion

How do you write a mass balance equation?

Total concentrations of each ion should equal the initial concentration