Semester Exam

Refugee

Refugee

a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

Migrant

a person who moves from one place to another, especially in order to find work or better living conditions.

Displaced person

Persons forcibly displaced from their homes who cannot or choose not to cross a border

Asylum seeker

a person who has left their country and is seeking protection in another country, but who hasn't yet been legally recognized as a refugee and is waiting to receive a decision on their asylum claim

Stateless person

you do not have the nationality of any country

Scabies

an itchy skin rash caused by a tiny burrowing mite

Refugee camp

temporary facilities built to provide immediate protection and assistance to people who have been forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution or violence

Explain how the Electoral College has its benefits and its drawbacks. Also, understand how it works.

System to indirectly elect the US President and Vice President through state electors

PROS

• Maintaining federalism

• promoting stability

• concentrating campaigns nationwide

• prevents tyranny of the majority

CONS

• unequal representation

• undermining voter equality

• encouraging concentration on swing states

• can lead to situations where a candidate wins the presidency without winning the popular vote.

Explain the functions of a political party, how they function, the goals they have and the requirements to make a party successful.

Political parties serve to:

• represent their members' interests

• organize political activity

• influence policy

Successful parties:

• build coalitions

• communicate effectively

• adapt to change

Achieve electoral success through:

• engaged membership

• effective leadership

• adequate resources

• shaping the political landscape and governance of a country

Political platform

a set of principles, goals, and strategies designed to address pressing political issues.

UNHCR - its mission, role and accomplishments

to interpret and apply legal standards to ensure refugees can exercise their rights

Over the last decade, UNHCR has helped almost 1 million refugees rebuild their lives in new countries

Branches of government

Divisions with specific functions and powers, ensuring checks and balances

Legislative Branch

Explain the functions and role of each branch of government and how they work together, limiting each others’ powers and checking each other.

Function: Makes laws

Role: House of Representatives and Senate

Checks and Balances: Can pass laws, approve budgets, and impeach officials

Executive Branch

Explain the functions and role of each branch of government and how they work together, limiting each others’ powers and checking each other.

Function: Enforces laws

Role: President and federal agencies

Checks and Balances: Can veto laws, execute laws, and nominate officials.

Judicial Branch

Explain the functions and role of each branch of government and how they work together, limiting each others’ powers and checking each other.

Function: Interprets laws

Role: Supreme Court and lower courts

Checks and Balances: Can declare laws unconstitutional, review executive actions, and interpret laws

Red Cross and its role with refugees

to alleviate human suffering, protect life and health, and uphold human dignity, especially during armed conflicts and other emergencies

WHO and its work with refugees

WHO works around the world to secure the health rights of refugees and migrants and achieve universal health coverage. This includes access to people-centred, high-quality health services without financial impediment

Human Development Index and how it is measured

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development

mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and gross national income (GNI) per capita.

Poverty trap

an economic system in which it is difficult to escape poverty

Women empowerment

promoting women's sense of self-worth, their ability to determine their own choices, and their right to influence social change for themselves and others.

UNDP- mission, role and accomplishments

helping to achieve the eradication of poverty and the reduction of inequalities and exclusion.

UNDP focuses on helping countries build and share solutions in three main areas:

Sustainable development.

Democratic governance and peacebuilding.

Climate and disaster resilience.

43 countries supported to address gender-based violence and 1 million jobs protected by labour market measures.

GDP per capita

the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy

Literacy rate

the percentage of the population of a given age group that can read and write

Mortality rate

the number of deaths due to a disease divided by the total population

World Bank

Its role is to reduce poverty by lending money to the governments of its poorer members to improve their economies and to improve the standard of living of their people.

IMF

The IMF has three main functions: overseeing economic development, lending, and capacity development.

Poverty trends- Where are the world’s poor? What is their gender mostly?

Sub-Saharan Africa, Aisa

Women and Children

Discuss the shortcomings that face the UNHCR every day. What is the role of the UNHCR? Identify and explain at least 3 responsibilities or roles of the UNHCR. 

Protects refugee rights (asylum, safety)
Provides life-saving aid (food, water, shelter)
Seeks lasting solutions (resettlement, return home)

Challenges: Funding gaps, complex crises, limited power, access issues.

Discuss the elements of a good political platform. What are political parties mostly interested in achieving? How do they achieve it?

Strong Platforms: Clear, Feasible, Values-Driven.

Party Goal: Win Elections (control government to enact their agenda).

How: Attract swing voters, Build coalitions (if needed), Communicate effectively.

How do the branches of government work together to make a good solid government?

Checks & Balances:

Legislate (write laws)
Execute (enact laws)
Judge (review laws)

Collaboration & Conflict:

Work together (funding, projects)
Disagree (limits power, checks laws)
= Good Governance:

Accountability
Balanced Laws
No One Gets Too Powerful

What makes a good political platform? What are the people’s most pressing issues in government?

Strong platform: Clear goals, concrete solutions, achievable plans. Values-driven, reflects voters' concerns.

People worry most about government gridlock, economic problems, and healthcare costs. These priorities can change based on current events and where you live.

What are the main issues concerning Refugees? Give Examples.

Refugees struggle with basic needs like food and shelter, safety from violence, finding jobs, getting healthcare. They also face difficulty educating their children

how might the refugee crisis be resolved?

Addressing root causes: Working to solve conflicts and improve conditions in countries of origin.

Increased support: Wealthier nations providing more aid to refugee-hosting countries.

Safe passage: Ensuring safe and legal routes for refugees to seek asylum.

Integration efforts: Helping refugees access essentials, find jobs, and integrate into new communities.

What are some criticisms of the HDI?

The HDI gets criticized for being too simple (only 3 factors), having debatable weights for those factors, and hiding inequalities within countries.

In what ways does the UNDP work to empower women? What kind of projects do they focus on?

UNDP helps women get jobs, have a say in government, and deal with tough situations by funding projects in business training, leadership roles, and disaster preparedness.

Identify and explain the main tasks of international organizations such as the World Bank and the IMF.

World Bank: Fights poverty in developing countries with loans and advice for long-term projects (think future investor).

IMF: Fights financial crises by lending money and offering advice to countries in short-term trouble (think financial firefighter).

What are some case studies studied that support the success of international monetary organizations?

One example highlights their role in Myanmar's economic growth through central bank reforms and financial access improvements.

Some case studies that show the failures of these organizations on those countries and its people?

some argue their policies in Latin America's debt crisis and the East Asian financial crisis hurt the poor and worsened situations.