industry+audience theory evaluation (copy)

What did Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment demonstrate regarding children's behavior?

Children who observed aggressive behavior were more likely to imitate it.

How does Media Modelling Theory explain copycat violence?

It suggests that media influences audiences to imitate behavior seen in media.

What weakness undermines the findings of the Bobo Doll experiment?

The experiment was conducted in an artificial environment.

What does Cultivation Theory emphasize about media influence?

It looks at the gradual, cumulative influence of media over time.

What misconception does Cultivation Theory challenge regarding audience perception of the world?

It highlights that audiences tend to think the world is more dangerous than it actually is.

What is a major criticism of Cultivation Theory in regard to media types?

It was developed in the 1960s-70s and does not fully account for diverse media, like social media.

What does Reception Theory acknowledge about audiences?

It recognizes that audiences are active interpreters of media and create their own meanings.

How does Reception Theory address the goals of the media encoder?

It helps audiences consider the encoder's original message and intentions.

What criticism does Reception Theory face regarding audience interpretation?

It assumes interpretation is heavily based on cultural and social background, which is not always the case.

What positive aspect of fandom does Jenkins’ theory highlight?

Fans are active producers and creators of content, not just passive consumers.

How does Jenkins’ theory describe communities formed around fandom?

Fandoms create communities where fans can share ideas and collaborate.

What is a criticism regarding Jenkins’ focus on fandom?

It tends to emphasize the positive aspects but overlooks issues like toxic fandoms.

What significant change in media consumption is described by Clay Shirky's theory?

Ordinary people now create, share, and distribute media, becoming active participants.

What does Shirky suggest about audience power dynamics in media?

Power is becoming more distributed as audiences challenge and shape media.

What critique exists regarding the positivity of Shirky's theory?

The media industry is still dominated by larger companies, making the theory overly optimistic.

What does Curran & Seaton’s theory emphasize about media ownership?

A few corporations control a large portion of media consumption.

What issue is highlighted by Media Ownership theories?

It emphasizes the power and bias issues within the media industry.

What modern challenge does the theory of Media Ownership face?

The rise of independent creators and platforms like YouTube challenges the dominance narrative.

What do Livingstone & Lunt discuss regarding regulation in media?

They highlight the struggles regulators face with modern media challenges.

What critical aspect of audience behavior do Livingstone & Lunt address?

The assumption that regulation is always necessary may not account for audience self-regulation.

What significant issue does the Cultural Industry theory address?

It discusses how capitalism shapes culture and leads to repetitive content.

What does Hesmondhalgh identify as a feature of modern media products?

They often reflect risk-avoidance and profit-seeking strategies.

What is a limitation of the Cultural Industry theory regarding media audience behavior?

It simplistically assumes all media products are formulaic and repetitive

What broader social contribution can some media producers have according to critics of the Cultural Industry?

Some producers may aim for social change and represent marginalized voices.

How does the strengths and weaknesses analysis help in understanding media theories?

It allows an evaluation of both the positive contributions and limitations of each theory.

What impact does digital technology have on the audience according to various theories discussed?

Digital technology empowers audience members and allows for diverse media interaction.

What does the term 'audience' imply in the context of modern media according to various theories?

The audience is no longer a passive receiver but an active participant.

How do media theorists propose to adjust our understanding of media influence?

By acknowledging the active role audiences play in interpreting and critiquing media.

What is a common theme among the strengths of all media theories discussed?

They all highlight the significance of media in influencing cultural and social perceptions.

Why is it important to address both strengths and weaknesses in media theories?

It provides a comprehensive understanding of media's role and impact in society.

What factor complicates the reception of media messages according to media theories?

Audiences interpret messages differently based on their background and personal experiences.

What role does content ownership play in shaping media narratives?

Content ownership influences the diversity of media narratives available to audiences.

What did critics argue against the idea that audiences are simply passive receivers of media messages?

Critics argue that audiences can critique and resist media messages based on their experiences.

What broader societal implications do media theories have on issues like censorship and self-regulation?

They inform discussions about individual freedom vs. the need for regulation in media.

How do modern audience practices challenge the assumptions of earlier media theories?

Modern practices show that audiences actively engage with and create media rather than just consuming it.

What importance does Jenkins’ theory place on the role of fandoms?

Fandoms empower marginalized voices and influence media production.

How do technological advancements affect media consumption according to several theorists?

Technological advancements have expanded the range of media that audiences can create and share.