Sociology 182 Test

Segregation

The differential allocation/distribution of persons in space based on group membership.

Ethno-Racial Segregation

A form of segregation that specifically focuses on the separation of different racial or ethnic groups.

Micro-segregation

Segregation occurring within small, specific areas such as neighborhoods or buildings.

Macro-segregation

Segregation observed across entire cities or regions.

Dissimilarity Index

A measure indicating the level of segregation; 100 signifies complete segregation, while 0 indicates full integration.

Urban Apartheid

The projection of symbolic space into physical space, leading to district creation that is racially distinct.

Ghetto

An urban area characterized by high concentrations of poverty, often lived in by members of a marginalized group.

Hyperghetto

An area experiencing double segregation by both class and race, often with significant economic disadvantages.

Social Isolation

The degree to which individuals are only exposed to members of their own group.

Pull factors

Conditions that attract individuals to move to a certain area, such as job availability.

Push factors

Conditions that drive individuals away from their current location, such as economic hardship or violence.

Rite of Passage

A ceremony or event marking an individual's transition from one social status to another.

Four Dimensions of Segregation

Dissimilarity, isolation, exposure, and clustering, as defined by Douglas Massey.

Discrimination

Differential treatment of individuals based on their group membership, such as race or class.

Gilded Ghetto

A metaphorical description of gated communities, suggesting a false sense of security or luxury.

Social Structural Sorting

The tendency of individuals to seek residence in communities where they feel familiar or have existing social networks.

Apartheid

A policy or system of segregation and discrimination on grounds of race in South Africa.

Resistance

Actions taken against oppression or segregation, including demonstrations and armed resistance.

Holodomor

The forced famine in Ukraine under Stalin's regime, resulting in millions of deaths.

Marginality

The state of being marginalized or pushed to the outskirts of society, often affecting socio-economic status.

Socio-Spatial Mechanisms

The interactions between social dynamics and spatial organization that influence urban segregation.

Economic Extraction

The process of maximizing profits from marginalized groups, often leading to exploitation.

Blood Stigma

The social stigma associated with descent, often influencing identity and treatment of individuals in a community.

Cultural Hub

A neighborhood or area characterized by a high concentration of cultural and social activity.

Race Man and Race Woman

Individuals who actively work for the advancement and empowerment of their racial community.

Political Apartheid

Creation of racially distinct political districts that limit the rights of certain populations.

Reciprocity

Mutual exchange of respect and support among members of a community.

Tutsis

An ethnic group in Rwanda typically distinguished by height and traditionally associated with herding.

Hutus

An ethnic group in Rwanda typically distinguished by physical characteristics and predominantly engaged in agriculture.

The Cult of Race

Strong emphasis on racial identity and pride, along with the celebration of 'Race Heroes'.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Genocide

The mass collective killing of members of a specific group based on their identity.