Chapter 1 The Human Body: Necessary Life Functions

Maintains boundaries

internal environment distinct from external environment

Movement

Locomotion

Movement of substances

Responsiveness

Ability to sense changes and react to stimuli

Digestion

Breaks down food and absorption of nutrients

Metabolism

Breaks down complex moles into smaller ones

Build larger molecules from smaller ones

Produces energy

regulated by hormones

Excretion

Gets rid of waste from metabolic reactions

waste removed by peeing and pooping

Reproduction

Happens on the cellular level/ organismal level

Produces future Gen

Growth

Increases cell size &number of cells

Nutrients (food)

Chemicals for energy cell building

Includes:

Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, & minerals

Oxegen

Chemical reactions & ATP

Cellular energy made from food

Water

60-80% of body weight

Most abundant chemical in the human body

Gives metabolic reaction

Stable body temp

37°C (98.6°F)

Atmospheric pressure

Must be appropriate for gas exchange

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

Dynamic state of equilibrium

Necessary for a normal body function/ to sustain life

Homeostatic Imbalance (Note: think disease)

Disturbing the homeostasis causes disease

Negative feedback

Most homeostatic controls mechanisms

increases stimulus when too low

Reduces/ turns off intensity when too high

like a household thermostat

Postive feedback

Increases the og stimulus to push the variable farther

This happens during blood clotting/ child birth

Anatomy

Study of structure/ shapes of body & its parts

Gross ( macro) Anatomy

Micro-anatomy ( microscopic)

Levels of organization

Levels of organization

organs systems

Physiology

Study of how body and its parts work/ function