Christain Heritage batch 4
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83 Terms
Who founded the Reformed tradition in Geneva?
John Calvin.
What is John Calvin's most famous work?
Institutes of the Christian Religion.
What was Calvin's view of God's sovereignty?
God is absolutely sovereign over all creation and salvation.
What doctrine is most associated with Calvin?
Predestination.
What is predestination?
God eternally chooses those who will be saved.
What does election mean in Calvinist theology?
God's gracious choice of believers before creation.
What does reprobation mean?
God passes over or condemns the non-elect.
What acronym summarizes later Calvinist theology?
TULIP.
What does T stand for in TULIP?
Total Depravity.
What does U stand for in TULIP?
Unconditional Election.
What does L stand for in TULIP?
Limited Atonement.
What does I stand for in TULIP?
Irresistible Grace.
What does P stand for in TULIP?
Perseverance of the Saints.
How did Calvin view Scripture?
As the supreme authority for faith and practice.
What role did the Holy Spirit play in Calvin's theology?
The Spirit enables believers to understand Scripture.
How did Calvin differ from Luther on the Lord's Supper?
Calvin taught Christ is spiritually present rather than physically present.
Why did Geneva become significant?
It became the center of Reformed Protestantism.
How did Calvin influence church government?
He emphasized leadership by pastors
What lasting tradition emerged from Calvin's theology?
The Reformed and Presbyterian traditions.
Why is Calvin one of Christianity's most influential theologians?
His theology shaped Protestant doctrine
Who began the English Reformation?
King Henry VIII.
Why did Henry VIII separate from Rome?
The pope refused to annul his marriage.
What law established the English monarch as head of the Church of England?
The Act of Supremacy (1534).
Who succeeded Henry VIII and promoted Protestant reforms?
Edward VI.
Who attempted to restore Roman Catholicism in England?
Mary I.
Why was Mary I nicknamed "Bloody Mary"?
She persecuted Protestants.
Who established a lasting Anglican settlement?
Elizabeth I.
What was the Elizabethan Settlement?
A compromise establishing the Church of England's identity.
What distinguishes Anglicanism?
It combines elements of Catholic and Protestant traditions.
Who wrote the Book of Common Prayer?
Thomas Cranmer.
Why is the Book of Common Prayer important?
It standardized Anglican worship.
What are the Thirty-Nine Articles?
Foundational doctrinal statements of Anglicanism.
How did Anglicanism view Scripture?
As the primary authority interpreted alongside tradition and reason.
Which reformer was executed under Henry VIII?
Thomas More.
What was the main political cause of the English Reformation?
Royal authority over the English Church.
How did Anglicanism differ from Calvinism?
It retained bishops and much traditional liturgy.
What title does the British monarch hold within the Church of England?
Supreme Governor.
What long-term effect did the English Reformation have?
It established Anglican Christianity throughout the British Empire.
Why is the English Reformation unique?
It began primarily for political rather than theological reasons.
What church emerged from the English Reformation?
The Anglican Church.
What was the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
The Catholic response to Protestantism.
Which council led Catholic reform?
The Council of Trent.
When did the Council of Trent meet?
1545–1563.
What did Trent reaffirm about Scripture?
Scripture and Tradition together are authoritative.
How did Trent respond to justification by faith alone?
It rejected sola fide and affirmed faith working through grace.
How many sacraments did Trent affirm?
Seven.
Who founded the Society of Jesus?
Ignatius of Loyola.
What is another name for the Society of Jesus?
The Jesuits.
What book did Ignatius write?
The Spiritual Exercises.
What was the primary mission of the Jesuits?
Education
How did the Jesuits contribute to global Christianity?
They established schools and missions worldwide.
What abuses did the Counter-Reformation address?
Corruption
Did Trent eliminate indulgences?
It reformed abuses but retained the doctrine.
How did the Counter-Reformation affect the papacy?
It strengthened papal leadership.
What artistic movement accompanied the Counter-Reformation?
Baroque religious art.
Why was Catholic education emphasized?
To strengthen doctrine and clergy training.
How did the Counter-Reformation influence missions?
It greatly expanded Catholic missionary activity.
What was one lasting result of Trent?
Greater doctrinal clarity within Catholicism.
Did the Counter-Reformation reverse Protestantism?
No
Why is the Council of Trent considered one of the most important councils?
It defined Roman Catholic doctrine for centuries.
What movement emphasized personal religious experience over formal doctrine?
Pietism.
Who is considered the father of Pietism?
Philipp Jakob Spener.
What book launched the Pietist movement?
Pia Desideria.
What did Pietists emphasize?
Personal conversion and holy living.
How did Pietism influence Protestantism?
It encouraged Bible study
What movement grew out of Pietism in England?
Methodism.
Who founded Methodism?
John Wesley.
What experience transformed John Wesley's ministry?
His Aldersgate experience.
What did Wesley believe about sanctification?
Believers should grow toward Christian perfection.
What is Christian perfection according to Wesley?
Perfect love for God and neighbor
Who helped found Methodism alongside John Wesley?
Charles Wesley.
Why is Charles Wesley significant?
He wrote thousands of Christian hymns.
What movement emphasized revival preaching in America?
The Great Awakening.
Who was a famous preacher of the Great Awakening?
George Whitefield.
What did revival movements stress?
Personal conversion and new birth.
How did Methodism spread rapidly?
Through itinerant preachers and small groups.
How did Pietism affect Protestant worship?
It emphasized heartfelt faith over ritual.
Why were revivals important?
They renewed Christian commitment and expanded evangelism.
What lasting denominations emerged from these movements?
Methodist and Holiness churches.
Why are Pietism and Methodism significant?
They shifted Protestantism toward personal faith and active discipleship.