MEDIA INFORMATION AND LITERACY 2ND QUARTER

Intellectual Property

Refers to creations of the mind, such as

inventions; literary and Artistic works; designs; Intellectual Property

Refers to creations of the mind, such as

inventions; literary and Artistic works; designs;

and symbols, names and images used in

commerce

Copyright

Legal term used to describe the rights

that creators have over their literary and

artistic works. Books, music, paintings,

sculpture, and films to computer

programs, databases, advertisement,

maps, and technical drawings.

Literary Work

During the lifetime of the author +50 years after death

Art

25 years from the date of creation

Photographic Work

50 years from publication

Audio-visual Work

50 years from publication

Sound Recording

50 years from years recording

Trademark

Valid for 10 years and may be renewed for periods of 10 years

Invention Patent

Valid for 20 years

Patent

An exclusive right granted for an nvention. Provides the patent owner with the right to decide how or whether the invention can be used by others.

Trademark

A sign capable of distinguishing the

goods or services of one enterprise from

those of other enterprise. TRADEMARK

INFRIGEMENT

Industrial Design

Constitutes the ornamental aesthetic

aspect of an article. May consist of 3rd

features, such as the shape or surface of

an article, or 2d features such as

patterns, lines, or color.

Geological origin/Geographical

indications and appellations of origin

Signs used on good that have a specific

geographical origin and possess

qualities, a reputation or characteristics

that are essentially attribute to that place

of origin. Most commonly includes the

name of the place of origin of the goods.

Fair use

You can use copyrighted material without a

license only for certain purposes, these include:

- Commentary

- Criticism

- Reporting

- Research

- Teaching

Plagiarism

Plagiarism means taking credit for someone

else’s words or ideas, either on purpose or

accidentally through failure to cite source.

Plagiarism checkers

Turnitin

- Grammarly

- Dupli checker

- Plagiarism detector

- Scribbr

People Media

refers to persons that are involved in the use,

analysis, evaluation and production of media

and information

People as media

People who are well-oriented to media sources

and messages and able to provide information

as accurate and reliable as possible

People in media

Media practitioners who provide information

coming from their expert knowledge or firsthand experience of event.

Lower-end media users

People with limited access to media

information.

Opinion leaders

• highly exposed to and actively using

media

• source of viable interpretation of

messages for lower- end media users

• opinions are accepted by a group

• Opinion Leader is a leader for a certain

group who gives details and information

to lesser active persons in the group.

The

Two-step Flow

Communication Model (1944)

Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson,

and Hazel Gaudet

Ideas flow from mass media to

opinion leaders and opinion

leaders to a wider population

Citizen journalism

People without professional journalism

training can use the tools of modern

technology and internet to create,

augment or fact-check media on their

own or in collaboration with others

Social journalism

Journalists are using social media to

make their content available to more

people.

Crowdsourcing

the practice of obtaining needed

services, ideas, or content by soliciting

contributions from a large group of

people and especially from the online

community.

Example of crowdsourcing

Waze

Tripadvisor

Wikipedia

People in media

media

practioners, experts, provide

information to media users

TYPES OF JOURNALISTS BY MEDIUM

Print Journalists

• Photojournalists

• Broadcast Journalists

• Multimedia Journalist

WATCHDOG JOURNALISM

Form of investigative journalism that shines a

light on systemic abuses of power.

IMPLICATIONS OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Media and information improve quality

of life

2. Media and information for greater

political participation

3. Media and information promoting

economic opportunities

4. Media and information for improvement

of learning environment

5. Media and Information individuals as

more cohesive social units

ubiquitous learning

Ubiquitous Learning is learning at any

time, at any place.

Main Characteristic of ubiquitous learning are:

Permanency

Accessibility

Immediacy

Interactivity

Permanency

Learning materials are always available

unless purposely deleted

Accessibility

Access from everywhere as personally

required

Immediacy

Wherever a student is, he/she can

immediately access leaning materials.

Interactivity

Online collaboration with teachers

and/or peers (chat/blogs/forum)

MOOC

M-massive

O-open

o-online

C-Course

MOOCs

are courses delivered online and accessible to

all for free.

Massive

Because enrollments are unlimited and can run

into hundreds of thousands

Open

Because anyone can enroll-that is, there is no

admission process.

On-line

Because they are delivered via internet

Course

Because their goal is to teach a specific

subject

Where can I take MOOCs?

course providers such as:

•Coursera •edX •FutureLearn •Udacity

Haptic Technology

refers to technology that uses touch to control

and interact with computers

Voice and Tone Recognition

a technique in computing technology, created

to identify and authenticate the voice of the

speaker.

Voice and Tone Recognition

Also called speech recognition

Internet Glasses

Technology that can display images directly

onto our retinas while not blocking our sight.

Contextual Awareness

a class of software that uses current information

about the real world

Eye Tracking Technology

is a sensor technology that makes

it possible for a computer/device to know

where a person is looking.

Wearable Technology

smart

watches. These watches are worn as a typical

wristwatch but do more than just tell time.

Text as Visual

Visual information and media are materials,

programs, applications and the like that

teachers and students use to formulate new

information to aid learning through the use,

analysis, evaluation and production of visual

images.

Formal

Example of these are news articles,

published books, newspapers, magazines,

advertisements, research works,

Informal

Examples of these are blogs,

personal e-mails, SMS or text messages, online

messengers, social media platforms, etc. They

come from personal opinions or views on

different issues, processes, etc.

TYPOGRAPHY

the style and appearance of printed matter.

- how to arrange text into visually appealing

and legible designs, and what are the main

types of typefaces.

TYPE FACE

refers to a type design and includes

all variations of that design.

• SERIF

• SANS SERIF

• SLAB SERIF

• SCRIPT

• DISPLAY/DECORATIVE

Font

refer to the variations possible

with a typeface.

HELVETICA TYPEFACE (Sans Serif)

no small line

at the ends of larger strokes)

Serif

Connotes formality and readability in large amount of texts gives a classic or elegant look when used for title or heading

Sans serif

Brings cleaner minimalist look and is used primarily in webpage design

Slab serif

Carriers a solid or heavy look to text

Script

Draws much attention to itself because of its brush like strokes

Display/decorative

Caters to wide variety of emotions ( such as celebration fear horror or themes such as holidays

Serif

Body text of books newspaper magazine and research publication

San serif

Clear and direct meaning Road signage nutrition facts

Slab serif

Billboards

Script

Must be used sparingly wedding invitations cards

Display/Decorative

Must be used sprangly and not in large body text

Emphasis

Refers to the importance or value given

to a part of the text-based content.

Appropriateness

Refers to how fitting or suitable the text is

used for a specific audience, purpose or

event.

Appropriateness

In the creation of text-based content,

make sure that the selection criteria

(tone, style, purpose, clarity) is followed.

Proximity

Refers to how near or how far are the text

elements from each other.

Alignment

Refers to how the text is positioned in the

page. This can be left, right, center, or

justified.

Organization

Refers to a conscious effort to organize

the different text elements in a page

Repetition

Concerns consistency of elements and

the unity of the entire design.

Contrast

Achieved when two elements are

different from each other.

Line

This describes a shape or outline. It can

create texture and can be thick or thin.

Lines may be actual, implied, vertical,

horizontal, diagonal, or contour

Shape

A geometric area that stands out from

the space next to or around it, or

because of differences in value, color, or

texture. Shape may also be organic and

geometric.

Value

The degree of light and dark in a design.

It is the contrast between black and

white and all the tones in between.

Value can be used with color as well as

black and white. Contrast is the extreme

changes between values

Texture

The way a surface feels or is perceived to

feel. Texture can be added to attract or

repel interest to a visual element.

Color

Determined by its hue (name of color),

intensity (purity of the hue), and value

(lightness or darkness of hue)

Form

A figure having volume and thickness. An

illusion of a 3-dimensional object can be

implied with the use of light and shading

Consistency

of margins, typeface,

typestyle, and colors is necessary,

especially in slide presentations or

documents that are more than one

page.

Center of interest

an area that first

attracts attention in a composition. This

area is more important when compared

to the other objects or elements in a

composition. This can be by contrast of

values, more colors, and placement in

the format.

Balance

a feeling of visual equality in

shape, form, value, color, etc. Balance

can be symmetrical and evenly

balanced, or asymmetrical and ko

unevenly balanced. Objects, values,

colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc. can

be used in creating balance in a

composition

Harmony

brings

together a

composition with similar units. If for

example your composition was using

wavy lines and organic shapes, you

would stay with those types of lines and

not put in just one geometric shape.

Emphasis

offers some change in value

creating a visual discord in a

composition. Contrast shows the

difference between shapes and can be

used as a background to bring objects

out and forward in a design. It can also

be used to create an area of emphasis.

Directional Movement

a visual flow

through the composition. It can be the

suggestion of motion in a design as you picture, recorded directly as what they

are.

Foley sound

Equally synchronized on

screen but are not the original sound as

what they appear to be. That means that

they are recorded and mixed to appear

as another sound on screen.

Background sound

All sounds that

indicate ambience settings. They do not

need to be synchronized to the picture.

Ambience sounds are usually recorded

in real life application in nature and then

mixed. Common background effects

include weather ambience and forest

ambience, traffic sounds, etc.

Design sound

Describes a palette of

sounds that usually do not occur in

nature (laser weapon). They may be

created from scratch with various audio

editing tools and with the help of effect

processors.

Narration

is spoken message that often

gives the most direct information.

Henriques (2018)

says that there are four

types of narration:

Fully-Voiced Reading (solo narration)

Probably the most recognized style of

reading. All of the characters are vocalized

in a dramatic fashion or in a way that makes

the characters distinguishable from one

another, maintained throughout the entire

audiobook, and usually all done by one

voice actor/narrator

Partially-Voiced Reading (solo narration)

Made when the voiced production (usually

done by one narrator) focuses on giving

certain characters a distinguishable voice –

most commonly the protagonists or any

character who has a distinctive voice in the

narration. The other characters, normally the

minor ones, do not need to sound

dramatically different from one another

Unvoiced Readings (solo narration)

The

narrator reads the story in a natural, more

straightforward tone. There are no changes

in voice for different characters. The story is

told in the narrator’s voice and the whole

book is usually voiced by one voice actor.

Multicast Readings / Full Cast Readings

There is more than one voice actor hired to

read the audiobook. This can range from

two characters (duet narration) or more.

M4A

is a mpeg-4 audio file or audiocompressed file used because of increased

quality demand as a result of cloud storage and

bigger hard drive space in contemporary

computers. It is preferred due to its high quality.

FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)

is an audio

file compressed into a smaller size of the original

file. It is not frequently used compared to other

sound file formats because it often needs

special downloads to function. The advantage

of FLAC is, being a lossless audio file, its

compression can save size and promote sharing

of an audio file while being able to return to the

original quality standard.

MP3

is an MPEG audio layer 3 file format

preferred because its compression saves

valuable space while maintaining near-flawless

quality of the original source of sound. MP3’s

high quality and small size is very popular for all

mobile audio-playing devices. It is compatible

with nearly every device capable of reading

audio files. The MP3 is probably best used for

extensive audio file sharing due to its

manageable size. It also works well for websites

that host audio files.

MP4

is an audio file type is a comprehensive

media extension, capable of holding audio,

video and other media. The MP4 contains data

in the file, rather than code. This is important to

note as MP4 filesrequire different codecsto

implement the code artificially and allow it to

be read.