lecture 7 (1)- environmental hazard and health impact (overview and examples of target-organ chemicals and their health effects)

16/10

why can chemicals pose various kinds of hazards? because they are __________, flammable, reactive, and radioactive

toxic

what is natural vs. synthetic? whether they occur in _________ or not
nature does not equal safe: __________ safety

nature, perceived

what are inorganic chemicals? those that contain _________ or very few carbon atoms 

none 

what are organic chemicals? those which have a structure based on ________ atoms “C-C” chains

carbon 

within inorganic chemicals, what are halogens? these are elements that form a ________ by direct ________ with a metal. through inhalation of halogens they can cause ___________ tract irritation

salt, union, respiratory

within inorganic chemicals, what are corrosive materials? they are alkaline compounds, they can cause corrosive local ___________ of tissues such as the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract

irritation

within inorganic chemicals, what are metals? they are __________ and environmentally persistent

toxic

within organic chemicals, what are hydrocarbons? a string of _______ molecules with ________ attached to the carbon atoms

carbon, hydrogen

within organic chemicals, what are aromatic hydrocarbons? molecules containing one or more ______ rings e.g. styrene

benzene

within organic chemicals, what are halogenated hydrocarbons? hydrocarbons with at least ______ atom from the halogen group, they are used as industrial ___________ and in the production of ___________ 

one, solvents, plastics 

what are some common health effects by chemicals? ________, corrosives, sensitizers, target-organ chemicals, carcinogens, and death

irritants

what is the effect of corrosives? ________ skin tissue at point of contact

destroy

what is the effect of sensitizers? cause ________ reactions 

allergic 

what are the effects of target-organ chemicals? _________ specific body organs and systems

damage

what are the effects of carcinogens? cause _________

cancer

what are some agents that damage pulmonary tissue? __________ and silica 

asbestos 

what are some agents that produce liver damage? signs jaundice, ________, carbon tetrachloride, nitrosamines

arsenic

what are some agents that produce kidney damage? sings edema, halogenated hydrocarbons and __________

uranium

what are some agents that act on blood? decreases hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen, cyanosis, _________ __________, cyanides 

carbon monoxide 

what are neurotoxins? chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the _________ system. chemicals: mercury, alunminum, ________

nervous, lead

what are reproductive toxins? chemicals which damage _________ capabilities, lead

reproductive

what is thalidomide? drug used to relieve _________ during pregnancy, turned out to cause thousands of birth __________ before being banned in the 1960s

nausea, defects