Kingdome Amalia - INVERTEBRATES PT. 1

Radial Symmetry

An animal with body parts arranged around a central axis

Bilateral Symmetry

An animal where sides of the body are mirror images of each other

Cephalization

Concentration of sensory structures in the head of the animal

Incomplete gut

a digestive tract with only one opening

Complete gut

a digestive tract with two openings

Pseudocelom

A fluid filled space within the body surrounding an unsupported gut

Coelom

a fluid filled cavity surrounded by muscle tissue

Cnidoblast

stinging cell in cnidarians

Nematocyst

tiny extendable barb for stining

Sessile

non motile; attached to a solid substrate

Polyp

non motile; form of a cnidarian

Medusa

motile form of a cnidarian

Monoecious

an organism with both male and female reproductive organs

Dioecious

an organism with either male or female reproductive organs (not both)

Name the two openings of a complete gut

mouth and anus

An animal with no body cavity is classified as an

acoelomate.

All animals are heterotrophic

true

Kingdom Animalia is composed of multicellular ____ ____ without cells that digest internally.

eukaryotic heterotrophs

_____ reproduction is the dominant mode or reproduction in animals, ____ reproduction also occurs.

Sexual, asexual

Asymmetry

lack of symmetry

Bilateral symmetry is associated with ______

cephalization

Acoelomate

no body cavity

Invertebrate

no spinal column

Vertebrate

possesses a spinal column

Phylum Porifera

Simple aquatic animals also known as sponges, characterized by porous bodies and a lack of true tissues and organs. They filter feed by drawing water through their pores.

Sponges are the ____ animals, retaining many features ancestral to the animal kingdom.

simplest

T/F sponges have true tissue

false

Sponges are ____ ____, removing microscopic organisms and particulate matter from the water through their bodies.

filter feeders

In sponges, water enters through ____ (pores) on the outside of the body, pass into the _____ (central cavity), and then passes out through the ____.

ostia, spongocoel, osculum

sponge spicules

How do sponges reproduce?

can reproduce asexually via budding and fragmentation, sexual reproduction does occur

Adult sponges are sessile or non sessile?

sessile

Do sponges have a complete or incomplete gut?

Sponges have an incomplete gut, meaning they do not have a defined digestive tract.

Phylum Cnidaria

Aquatic animals distinguished by stinging cells called cnidocytes, which are used for capturing prey. This phylum includes organisms such as jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones.

Do cnidarians have true or false tissue?

true

T/F cnidarians have coelomate?

false, acoelomate

What are the stinging cells or cnidarians

cnidoblasts

What are the tiny barbs called in cnidoblasts?

nematocysts

Many cnidarians have ______ which surround a central mouth, the only opening into their _____ ____.

tentacles, gastrovascular cavity

Cnidarian - Physalia Man o’ war

sail - composed of gas filled polyps

Cnidarian - Corals

contain calcium carbonate skeleton (RADIAL SYMMETRY)

Cnidarian - Jellyfish

Cnidarian - Pennaria

a colonial hydrozoan with a shared living structure and individual polyps for feeding and reproduction.

Cnidarian - Hydra

polyp

tentacles with cnidoblasts

mouth

bud

gonads

How do Hydra anchor to an aquatic surface?

By means of a basal disc that secretes adhesive substances to attach to substrates.

What do Hydra use for locomotion?

tentacles to gather food and to move

How do Hydra reproduce?

asexually via budding and sexually through production of sperm and ova.

Cnidarian - Obelia

What are the two kinds of obelia?

feeding and reproductive polyps.

Obelia are ___ of polyps

a colonial form

Phylum Platyhelminthes

a group of flatworms that are typically bilateral, unsegmented, and lack a body cavity. They include free-living and parasitic species.

Platyhelminthes (flatworms and flukes) are what kind of symmetry?

Bilateral

T/F flatworms and flukes are acoelomate

true

What kind of gut do Platyhelminthes have?

incomplete

How do flatworms and flukes absorb their oxygen?

through diffusion across their skin.

Are flatworms and flukes monoecious or dioecious?

monoecious

Platyhelminthes - Planaria (flatworm)

Use eyespots in their head to detect light and motion.

Branching gastrovascular cavity - digestion

Platyhelminthes - Taneia (tapeworm)

No digestive tract

scolex - head-end of the worm, hooks and suckers

proglottids - segments that contain reproductive organs.

gravid - the condition of tapeworm segments that are filled with fertilized eggs.

Platyhelminthes - Clonorchis (liver fluke)

parasitic

oral and ventral sucker

forked intestine

Phylum Nematoda

Roundworms, characterized by their elongated, cylindrical bodies and a complete digestive system. This phylum includes both free-living and parasitic species.

Unsegmented roundworms are the most _____ animal on the Earth.

abundant

Nematodes have what kind of gut?

complete

Nematodes have a Pseudocoelom?

true

What is the waterproofing coat on nematodes?

cuticle

Are nematodes dioecious or monoecious?

dioecious

Nematode - Trichinella

A genus of parasitic roundworms that can cause trichinosis in humans when consumed undercooked meat containing larvae.

Nematode - Ascaris

A genus of parasitic roundworms that infects the intestines of humans and animals, leading to ascariasis.

tapeworm