The Western Philosophy of Self (copy)

Practice flashcards covering Western philosophers and their theories on the self, including Aristotle, Descartes, Freud, and Socrates.

________ encompasses all view of the self that emanated from the European and American continent, postulated by thinkers from these regions.

The Western Philosophies of Self

Western Philosophies of Self encompass views that emanated from the __________ and __________ continent.

European, American

_____ describes the self is made up of __________ as the core essence of a living being which is not separated from the body.

Aristotle, soul

According to Aristotle, the ____ is the one that acts within the body.

soul

The __________ soul is mentioned by Aristotle as the one that allows a living being to nourish itself.

Vegetative

The __________ soul is the kind of soul that allows for the experience of sensation.

Sensitive

The _______ has the ability to receive forms of other things and compare them using nous (intellect) and logos (reason).

Rational Soul

In Aristotle's view, the Rational Soul uses ______ (intellect) and __________ (reason).

nous, logos

_______ posits that the self is a __________ person.

Rene Descartes, thinking

The Latin phrase used by Descartes, '__________', translates to 'I think therefore I am'.

Cogito Ergum Sum

__________ is a substance within the brain capable of thinking, affirming, and doubting.

mind

According to Descartes, the self makes us aware to perceive the __________ world.

eternal

______ is associated with the __________ of Self.

Sigmund Freud, Drive Theory

Freud categorized the self into three layers:

id, ego, superego

In Freud's theory, the __________ is the seat of passion, desires, and instinctual drives.

id

The __________ seeks to please the id drives in a realistic way and regulates our action.

ego

The __________ works on the morality principle as the seat of what is right and wrong.

Superego

The superego reflects the _________ of cultural rules and others.

cultural

Three layers _______ with each other.

self-interact

In reality, the ego __________ between the id and the superego (which ever dominates from the other two structures, the ____ will act in reality.)

mediate, ego

Our self determines our __________ based on which of the three structures dominates.

personality

______ philosophy asserts that to understand the self is to '__________'.

Socrates, know thyself

Socrates believes man must stand and live according to his __________.

nature

According to Socrates, knowledge of oneself is achieved through the __________ method.

Socratic

The Socratic method involves a __________ between the soul and itself or between a student and teacher.

dialogue

Socrates is famous for saying that 'An __________ life is not worth living'.

unexamined