Unit 4: Cell Transport

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Biology

9th

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58 Terms

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Protein Pump

: Uses energy (ATP) to push substances in and out of the cell.

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Endocytosis

: The process by which cells absorb materials from outside the cell by engulfing the material with its membrane.

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Aquaporins

let water in and out of cells; Ion Channels let certain ions in and out of cells; Glucose Transporters (GLUT Transporter) move glucose in and out of the cell membrane through facilitated diffusion " (Tunnel)

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Phagocytosis

is the movement of solids into the cell.

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lipid bilayer

Water: Water can enter the cell through both the and pores in the membrane called aquaporins.

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Solutes

are generally the ones that move.

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Mosaic

= Made of many molecules, such as transport proteins, cholesterol strengtheners, carbohydrate identifier chains, etc.

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Pinocytosis

is the movement of liquids into the cell.

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Molecules

move from a high concentration to a low concentration, moving along the concentration gradient.

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Exocytosis

: A cellular process where cells eject waste products or chemical transmitters.

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Diffusion

Facilitated : Facilitated is the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration through a protein channel.

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Osmometer

: Measures osmotic pressure exerted by liquid passing through a semipermeable membrane.

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Cytolysis

: The bursting of a cell when it fills with too much water.

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Channel

Proteins: Proteins that let certain substances in and out of cells.

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Carbon Dioxide

: is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration, so theres always an excess amount of carbon dioxide in the cell.

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Receptor Proteins

: Proteins that receive chemical signals from other cells, i.e nervous system cells.

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lipid bilayer

A(n) sphere approaches the cell membrane, then combines with the membrane, and releases them into the membrane, where it then gets released outside the cell.

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Molecules

move from a low concentration to high concentration, the opposite of passive transport.

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Pinocytosis

There are two types of Endocytosis: and Phagocytosis.

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Cholesterol

A type of steroid(lipid), changes fluidity of the membrane; stiffens membrane in higher temperatures, prevents membrane from freezing in lower temperatures

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Recognition Proteins(Glycoprotein)

Proteins with carbohydrates attached that help identify the cells("Name tags")

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Receptor Proteins

Proteins that receive chemical signals from other cells, i.e nervous system cells

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Channel Proteins

Proteins that let certain substances in and out of cells

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Protein Pump

Uses energy(ATP) to push substances in and out of the cell

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Integral Proteins

Proteins that cross both layers of the phospholipid bilayer, i.e channel proteins, protein pumps, etc

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Peripheral Proteins

Proteins that are only on one side of the phospholipid bilayer, i.e some receptor proteins

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Oxygen

Oxygen is constantly used in the cell to begin cellular respiration, so oxygen levels in the cell are always lower than they are outside of the cell

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Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration, so theres always an excess amount of carbon dioxide in the cell

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Glucose

Glucose is transported into the cell through the GLUT Transporter through facilitated diffusion

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Potassium

Potassium moves through diffusion in the ion channels into the cell

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Sodium

The cell requires a low concentration of potassium outside the cell and a low concentration of sodium inside the cell

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Water

Water can enter the cell through both the lipid bilayer and pores in the membrane called aquaporins

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Enzymes

Enzymes are exported out of the cell through exocytosis

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There are two main types of cell transport

active transport and passive transport

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Diffusion

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

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Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration through a protein channel

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Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration of water molecules to a region of lower concentration of water molecules(Diffusion but just for water)

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Solution

Solute + Solvent = Solution

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Hypotonic

Hypotonic solutions have less solute and more water in comparison to the subject

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Isotonic

Isotonic solutions have equal amounts of solute and water in comparison to the subject

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Hypertonic

Hypertonic solutions have more solute and less water in comparison to the subject

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A

Water level rises

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B

Hypertonic Solution

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C

Solutes

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D

Semi-permeable membrane

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E

Hypotonic Solution

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F

Water level lowers

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Turgor Pressure

Turgor Pressure is the amount of pressure a plants fluid exerts on its cell wall; low turgor pressure will cause the plant to wilt, while a high turgor pressure allows it to stay upright and healthy(High TP = rigid)

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Plasmolysis

Plasmolysis occurs when there isnt enough turgor pressure, making the cell membrane detach from the cell wall, shrink, and the overall plant wilts

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Cytolysis

The bursting of a cell when it fills with too much water

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Osmometer

Measures osmotic pressure exerted by liquid passing through a semipermeable membrane

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NOTE

although true for most cases, some molecules will still need to have active transport even though they are going from high to low

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Molecular Transport

Transport of smaller molecules, i.e protein pumps

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Bulk Transport

Transport of larger molecules, i.e endocytosis and exocytosis

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Endocytosis

The process by which cells absorb materials from outside the cell by engulfing the material with its membrane

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There are two types of Endocytosis

Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis

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Exocytosis

A cellular process where cells eject waste products or chemical transmitters

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Conclusion

If I remember correctly it was based on turgor pressure and osmosis