Unit 4: Cell Transport

Protein Pump

: Uses energy (ATP) to push substances in and out of the cell.

Endocytosis

: The process by which cells absorb materials from outside the cell by engulfing the material with its membrane.

Aquaporins

let water in and out of cells; Ion Channels let certain ions in and out of cells; Glucose Transporters (GLUT Transporter) move glucose in and out of the cell membrane through facilitated diffusion " (Tunnel)

Phagocytosis

is the movement of solids into the cell.

lipid bilayer

Water: Water can enter the cell through both the and pores in the membrane called aquaporins.

Solutes

are generally the ones that move.

Mosaic

= Made of many molecules, such as transport proteins, cholesterol strengtheners, carbohydrate identifier chains, etc.

Pinocytosis

is the movement of liquids into the cell.

Molecules

move from a high concentration to a low concentration, moving along the concentration gradient.

Exocytosis

: A cellular process where cells eject waste products or chemical transmitters.

Diffusion

Facilitated : Facilitated is the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration through a protein channel.

Osmometer

: Measures osmotic pressure exerted by liquid passing through a semipermeable membrane.

Cytolysis

: The bursting of a cell when it fills with too much water.

Channel

Proteins: Proteins that let certain substances in and out of cells.

Carbon Dioxide

: is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration, so theres always an excess amount of carbon dioxide in the cell.

Receptor Proteins

: Proteins that receive chemical signals from other cells, i.e nervous system cells.

lipid bilayer

A(n) sphere approaches the cell membrane, then combines with the membrane, and releases them into the membrane, where it then gets released outside the cell.

Molecules

move from a low concentration to high concentration, the opposite of passive transport.

Pinocytosis

There are two types of Endocytosis: and Phagocytosis.

Cholesterol

A type of steroid(lipid), changes fluidity of the membrane; stiffens membrane in higher temperatures, prevents membrane from freezing in lower temperatures

Recognition Proteins(Glycoprotein)

Proteins with carbohydrates attached that help identify the cells("Name tags")

Receptor Proteins

Proteins that receive chemical signals from other cells, i.e nervous system cells

Channel Proteins

Proteins that let certain substances in and out of cells

Protein Pump

Uses energy(ATP) to push substances in and out of the cell

Integral Proteins

Proteins that cross both layers of the phospholipid bilayer, i.e channel proteins, protein pumps, etc

Peripheral Proteins

Proteins that are only on one side of the phospholipid bilayer, i.e some receptor proteins

Oxygen

Oxygen is constantly used in the cell to begin cellular respiration, so oxygen levels in the cell are always lower than they are outside of the cell

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration, so theres always an excess amount of carbon dioxide in the cell

Glucose

Glucose is transported into the cell through the GLUT Transporter through facilitated diffusion

Potassium

Potassium moves through diffusion in the ion channels into the cell

Sodium

The cell requires a low concentration of potassium outside the cell and a low concentration of sodium inside the cell

Water

Water can enter the cell through both the lipid bilayer and pores in the membrane called aquaporins

Enzymes

Enzymes are exported out of the cell through exocytosis

There are two main types of cell transport

active transport and passive transport

Diffusion

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration through a protein channel

Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration of water molecules to a region of lower concentration of water molecules(Diffusion but just for water)

Solution

Solute + Solvent = Solution

Hypotonic

Hypotonic solutions have less solute and more water in comparison to the subject

Isotonic

Isotonic solutions have equal amounts of solute and water in comparison to the subject

Hypertonic

Hypertonic solutions have more solute and less water in comparison to the subject

A

Water level rises

B

Hypertonic Solution

C

Solutes

D

Semi-permeable membrane

E

Hypotonic Solution

F

Water level lowers

Turgor Pressure

Turgor Pressure is the amount of pressure a plants fluid exerts on its cell wall; low turgor pressure will cause the plant to wilt, while a high turgor pressure allows it to stay upright and healthy(High TP = rigid)

Plasmolysis

Plasmolysis occurs when there isnt enough turgor pressure, making the cell membrane detach from the cell wall, shrink, and the overall plant wilts

Cytolysis

The bursting of a cell when it fills with too much water

Osmometer

Measures osmotic pressure exerted by liquid passing through a semipermeable membrane

NOTE

although true for most cases, some molecules will still need to have active transport even though they are going from high to low

Molecular Transport

Transport of smaller molecules, i.e protein pumps

Bulk Transport

Transport of larger molecules, i.e endocytosis and exocytosis

Endocytosis

The process by which cells absorb materials from outside the cell by engulfing the material with its membrane

There are two types of Endocytosis

Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis

Exocytosis

A cellular process where cells eject waste products or chemical transmitters

Conclusion

If I remember correctly it was based on turgor pressure and osmosis