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Distributed Systems
Multiple computers without shared memory or clock.
distributed system issues
-concurrency :the ability of a system to perform multiple tasks at the same time or in time-shares
- synchronizationn: no global clock
- independent failures
Centralized System
Single entity manages all resources and operations.
Autonomous System (AS)
Network managed by a single organization. centralized
Homogeneous Technology
Uniform technology across all systems in a network.
Internet
networks from many different organizations which are connected
Intranet
when many networks connected to the same organization
Heterogeneous Technology
Design issue. hard to manage Diverse technology used in different systems.
Openness
design issue . System can be extended or re-implemented easily.
Scalability
destributed environment has Ability to handle growth in users or data.
Redundancy
Two systems perform the same task for reliability.
Failure Handling
Methods to detect and recover from system failures.
Detection
Identifying failures in distributed systems.
Masking
Concealing failures from users through redundancy. tolerance and redendancy (2 systems doing job of 1)
concurrency
access by several remote clients
Recovery
Restoring system functionality after a failure.
Transparency
Users unaware of system complexities or locations.
Access Transparency
allows Identical operations for local and remote access.
Replication
Duplicating data across systems for reliability.
Performance
Efficiency of system operations under load.
Resource Sharing
advantage of distributed system. Distributing resources among multiple users or systems.
Improved Reliability
advantage of distributed system. Multiple servers ensure continuous service availability.
Modular Expandability
advantage of distributed system.. Adding servers to enhance system capacity.
Software Challenges
Limited software availability for distributed systems.
Network Issues
Message loss during device communication.
Security Risks
Data vulnerability due to network accessibility.
