Latin grammar points revision

Future tense endings 1st and 2nd conjugation

bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt

Future tense endings 3rd and 4th conjugation

am, es, et, emus, etis, ent

present passive endings

r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur

Imperfect passive endings

bar, baris, batur, bamur, bamini, bantur

Future 1st and 2nd conj passive endings

bor, biris, bitur, bimur, bimini, bunter

Future 3rd and 4th conj passive endings

ar, eris, etur, emur, emini, entur

How to form the perfect passive, how is it translated?

PPP + present tense of sum. x was/were x-ed

How to form the pluperfect passive, how is it translated?

PPP + imperfect tense of to be (eram). x had been x-ed

What does si, or nisi mean

If or if not

How to form the future active participle

PPP, take of the us, add urus (e.g portatus —> portaturus)

How to translate it?

portaturus sum = I was about to carry

How to form the ablative absolute?

A noun in the ablative case plus a participle

How do you translate the ablative absolute?

When the x had be x-ed

How to form Present passive infinitive ?

Change the e at the end of the infinitive to a i, apart from the 3rd declension where you get rid of the ere and put i

How to translate it?

to be x-ed

What are deponent verbs?

Passive in form, active in meaning

conor, conari, conatus sum

I try, to try, (having) tried

egredior, egredi, egressus sum

I go out, to go out, (having) gone out

hortor, hortari, hortatus sum

I encourage, to encourage, (having) encouraged

ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum

I enter, to enter, (having) entered

loquor, loqui, locutus sum

I speak, to speak, (having) spoken

miror, mirari, miratus sum

I admire, to admire, having (admired)

morior, mori, mortuus sum

I die, to die, (having) died

patior, pati, passus sum

I suffer, to suffer, (having) suffered

proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum

I set out, to set out, (having) set out

progredior, progredi, progressus sum

I advance, to advance, (having) advanced

regredior, regredi, regressus sum

I return, to return, (having) returned

sequor, sequi, secutus sum

I follow, to follow, (having) followed

videor, videri, visus sum

I seem, to seem, (having) seemed

What is a semi-deponent

A semi-deponent are verbs that are active in form for present, imperfect and future, but passive in form for perfect and pluperfect

gaudeo, gadere, gavisus sum

I rejoice, to rejoice, (having) rejoiced

audeo, audere, ausus sum

I dare, to dare, (having) dared

soleo, solere, solitus sum

I am accustomed, to be accustomed, (having) been accustomed

How is an indirect statement formed?

Accusative + Infinitive

How to translate an indirect statement e.g. (puella audit dominum cibum nunc cosumere)

The girl says that the master is eating the food now

How to form the perfect active infinitive?

Perfect stem, plus isse

How to translate the PA inf?

to have x-ed

How to form perfect passive infinitive?

PPP, plus esse

How to translate PP Inf?

to have been x-ed

cives putant urbem ab hostibus oppugnatam esse

The citizens think that the city has been attacked by the enemy

What is the relationship between the verbs before indirect statement being present or perfect?

Present, translate indirect statement in present tense, Perfect, translate indirect statement in perfect tense

How to translate dixit se?

He said that he

rex scivit se in magno periculo esse

The king knew that he was in big danger

How to form future active infinitive?

Future participle plus esse

How do you translate the FA inf?

to be about to

How do you translate the FA inf in indirect statements?

will or would

filius filaque credunt matrem cibum empturam esse

The son and daughter believe that the mother will buy the food

miles vidit castra ab hostibus iam capta esse

The soldier saw that the camp had been captured by the enemy now

nauta credidit hanc insulam maximam esse

The sailor believed that this island was very big

dominus putavit servos e villa effugisse

The master thought that the slaves had escaped from the house

servi speraverunt dominum mox Romae adventurum esse

The slaves hoped that the master would arrive in Rome soon

What are the 5 uses of the infinitive?

After certain verbs, negative imperative, with certain phrases, accusative infinitive, after iubeo

How to spot a gerundive?

A verb with ndus on the end

How to translate ad + gerundive?

for the purpose of

milites missi sunt ad pacem petendam

The soldiers were sent for the purpose of seeking peace

How to translate dum + indicative?

While

servi, dum in horto laborant, dominum conspexerunt

The slaves, while they were working in the garden, caught sight of the master