Exercise and Leadership Final

Leadership

Is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes.

Management

is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling organizational resources

Vision

is a picture of an ambitious, desirable future for the organization or team.

Ability

The translation of knowledge and skills into behaviors and actions that lead to desired outcomes.

Accreditation

– Approval of an educational program according to defined standards.

Certification

– A process, often voluntary, by which individuals who have demonstrated the level of knowledge and skill required in the profession, occupation, or role are identified to the public and other stakeholders.

Competence

– Multifaceted and dynamic concept that encompasses knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that are identified as essential in meeting performance expectations.

Knowledge

– Facts and information acquired by a person through education and/or experience and practical understanding of a subject

Skill

– A technique or strategy that is usually learned and acquired through training to perform a specific action or a defined set of actions.

Three learning categories based on Bloom’s taxonomy

• Cognitive (knowledge)
• Psychomotor (skills)
• Affective (attitude)

Most learning takes place where

“real-world” settings

What is the primary purpose for certifying practitioners

to protect the public.

Health Fitness Specialist

A healthcare professional with the background and training necessary to conduct and manage individual
and group exercise and fitness programs for apparently healthy individuals and those with controlled disease

Clinical Exercise Specialist

Qualified to deliver a variety of exercise assessment, training, rehabilitation, risk factor identification, and lifestyle management services to individuals with or at risk for cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic disease(s)

It is important for health care professionals to participate in what

in continuing education activities related to all facets of their scope of work to keep current with the latest scientific evidence and care practices.

Adoption

– The participation rate of organizations that will ultimately implement the intervention, policy, or environmental change and the representativeness of those organizations to the population that could implement the intervention.

Community intervention

A place-based focus that is defined by a geographic boundary that can be narrowed or expanded based on the planned intervention strategy.

Implentation

– The degree to which an intervention is implemented as intended. Finally, maintenance is defined at both the individual and organizational level.

Reach

The participation rate and representativeness, of participants who engage in an intervention or are exposed to a policy or environmental change.

Sustainability

– The continued delivery of a given intervention or the institutionalization of an intervention within typical community settings

Traits

– the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and appearance.

Community can be defined as what

people who share a common identity, set of values and a institution

What are some types of Community PA interventions

– School interventions
– Work site interventions
– Clinical interventions
– Church interventions

What does the RE-AIM framework stand for

Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implentation, Maintenance

Reach meaning in RE-AIM framework

: The participation rate and representativeness of participants who engage in an intervention

Effectiveness meaning in RE-AIM framework

The extent to which the intervention achieves targeted outcomes in real-world contexts and also includes massessing for potential negative consequences

Adoption meaning in RE-AIM framework

The participation rate of organizations that will ultimately implement the intervention and the representativeness of those organizations to the population that could implement the intervention

Implentation meaning in RE-AIM framework

: The degree to which an intervention is implemented as intended

Maintenance meaning in RE-AIM framework

: For individuals, maintenance is defined as sustained behavior change for more than 6 months. For organizations, maintenance is the sustained delivery of a given intervention or the institutionalization of an intervention within typical community settings.

Most individuals are aware that fitness is what

mportant and that engaging in an exercise regular basis can have multiple positive effects
in their lives.

What is the largest segment of health and fitness facilities in the US

commercial clubs

What are some reasons people choose to exercise in a specific setting

cost, convenience, value, interest and need.

What are four primary tool used by health and fitness professionals for attracting, serving, and retaining members

focus groups, surveys, in depth interviews, and feedback systems.

Surveys

provide a quantitative approach that can collect information about specific markets, which can be valuable when developing a business plan.

Focus Groups

proved a qualitative approach to learning about the attitudes, behaviors, and needs of a particular market.

In-depth interviews

offer a comprehensive and highly personal approach to learning specific attitudes, behaviors, and needs of patients.

Feedback Systems

can be implemented through a variety of approaches to gain input from consumers in a non-intimidating,
personal manner

Why do consumers join a health and fitness facility

to get in shape, to stay in shape, and need a place to exercise

Target audience

– a well-defined, specific segment of the population to whom an organization attempts to market and promote a particular service, product, or program offering.

What are the most reported reasons for terminating a fitness facility membership

cost, overcrowded facility, lack of time.

Retention strategy

– a systematic plan that involves actions and steps that should be undertaken to enhance the likelihood that individuals who currently belong to a facility will retain their membership.

What is retention

is a big factor in maintaining memberships.

In order to enhance the facility’s opportunity for success what factors must be considered

finances, staffing, necessary facilities, equipment, risk management and target markets.

strategic plan

– a planning tool that is designed to address decisions concerning key issues, as short and long term goals, steps needed to achieve goal, a timeline for reaching goal, and allocation and prioritization of time, energy and resources to each goal.

Goals

are positive statements that delineate what needs to be accomplished over the long run to achieve the vision of the facility. (ex. To be the largest health and fitness facility in town within 5 years)

Objectives

are clear, specific statements or targets, the completion of which will lead to the achievement of the facility’s goals. (ex. Achieve a 4% net growth in the facility’s membership in the current fiscal year)

Contingency planning

– is a strategic outline for steps to be taken of what the facility will do if things do not go as planned.

When identifying target audiences what are three major ways to segment a market

geographic, demographic, and psychographic.

Financial plan

: a written statement that addresses the financial issues for a particular organization or program.

Marketing and sales tools used to promote health and fitness

-direct mail, exterior/interior signage, Web sites, Internet blogs, member incentives, telephone calls, e‐mails, radio, television, word of mouth, sponsorships, and endorsements

Some ways to build memberships

membership referrals, lead boxes, advertising, direct mail, community involvement, and promotional materials

What are some outstanding customer service cultures

Communicating with members on a personal level and understanding their interests and needs

Risk management

– a concerted effort to undertake specific steps to minimize risk of injury to a facility’s participants and employees, identify and address any potentially unsafe conditions, and maximize the ability of facility personnel to respond appropriately to emergency situations.

Cardiac rehabilitation programs

are secondary prevention services that help to slow, stabilize, or reverse the atherosclerosis process, resulting in a reduction in the risk of future cardiovascular events.

Pulmonary rehabilitation

evidenced-based, multidisciplinary, and often comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases who are symptomatic and have decreased daily life activities.

Coronary artery disease

(CAD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the US.

How does Cardiac rehabilitation programs play a major critical role

acute and chronic care of the patients with CAD and have demonstrated powerful morbidity and mortality benefits.

Only about what % of individuals who complete Cardiac Rehab are adhering to an exercise regimen at 1 year.

50%

A cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation program can be conducted where

inpatient, outpatient, home‐based, or community‐based setting

Case management

is an integrated approach to provide individualized care for patients with chronic disease, including cardiac pulmonary, and other chronic diseases.

Decisional balance

– the comparison of the benefits of making a behavior change versus the cost

Outcome expectations

: the potential results that one would anticipate after performing physical activity

Processes of change

– the strategies that individuals use as they are adopting and maintaining behavior changes

Relapse prevention

– the process by which one maintains long-term behavior change by anticipating potentially high-risk situations and devising strategies to cope with these situations

Self efficacy

: an individual’s belief and confidence about his or her ability to make specific behavior changes

Stages of change

– a model that postulates that individuals move through a series of stages that represent increased motivation to be physically active and face common barriers when making a behavior change

What are some neighrhood characteristics that promote physical activity

sidewalks or paths, light traffic, enjoyable scenery, malls and safety

Pre-comtemplation

: Not performing a given behavior or thinking about performing it

Contemplation

: Thinking about performing a behavior

Preparation

Making plans to implement a behavior and possibly performing the behavior but not at the intended/desired level

Action

: Performing a behavior regularly and at the intended/desired level, but for less than 6 months

Maintenance

: Performing a behavior regularly and at the intended/desired level and for more than 6 months

Decision-making theory

postulates that individuals decide whether to engage in a particular behavior based on their comparison of the perceived benefits versus the perceived costs of the behavior.

Social-cognitive theory

- states that behavior change is influenced by the interactions between the environment, personal factors, and the behavior itself.

Health belief model

- hypothesizes that the extent to which individuals engage in a health action is determined by their readiness to take action coupled with their belief of thethreat of not taking action.

Social ecology theory

underscores importance of constant interaction between an individual’s behavior and his or her environment; emphasizes multiple influences on behavior, such as sociocultural factors and the qualities of the individual’s environment; suggests that the most successful programs combine and target multiple influences on behavior.

The theory of reasoned action

- postulates that a person who believes that a given behavior will result in a positive outcome will most likely hold a favorable attitude toward performing that behavior.

The theory of planned behavior

- Includes perceived behavioral control, which is similar to the concept of self-efficacy because it reflects one’s belief concerning the likelihood of a difficulty being encountered when adopting a particular behavior and the perceived availability of resources and opportunities that may be beneficial in adopting a particular behavior.

Relapse prevention

– Goal is to assist individuals in maintaining long-term behavior change by anticipating potentially high-risk situations and devising strategies to cope with these high-risk situations.

Active listening

– a process whereby a practitioner tries to understand the underlying meaning of what a patient is saying.

Decisional balance

– the comparison of the benefits versus the costs of making a behavior change.

Empathy

– the understanding that is conveyed by a counselor to a patient.

Open-ended questions

– questions that allow the patient to provide expansive responses beyond a simple yes or no in which they can explore their thoughts and feelings.

motivational interviewing

– a patient-centered counseling method which the patient’s own motivation for change is elicited and enhanced by exploring and resolving ambivalence to change.

patient-centered approach

– a counseling style that takes the patient’s perspective into account, features collaboration between the patient and counselor, and includes genuine respect for the patient’s opinions.

Processes of change

– the strategies that individuals use as they are adopting and maintaining behavior changes; five behavioral and five cognitive processes have been identified.

rapport

– the positive relationship counselors establish with their patients.

reflective statements

– statements that repeat back to the patient what the counselor has heard and understood the patient to say. If done in conjunction with active listening, these statements reflect the underlying meaning and/or feeling of what the patient is saying

relapse prevention

– the process by which one maintains long-term behavior change by anticipating potentially high-risk situations and devising strategies to cope with these situations.

self-efficacy

– an individual’s belief and confidence about his or her ability to make specific behavior changes.

stages of change

– a model that postulates that individuals move through a series of stages and face common barriers when making a behavior change.

Problem solving includes the what

the IDEA process.

Identify the problem
Develop a list of solutions
Evaluate the solutions
Analyze the results

Goal setting

Should be specific, short term, and challenging, yet realistic, measurable, and have a method to track through self-monitoring

What does the acronym smart stand for when referring to the model for framing a clients goal

Specific
Measurable
Action-oriented
Realistic
Timely

Confidence

: Goal is to increase self-efficacy

Advocacy

– communicating directed at policy makers to promote policies and programs to support (health behavior) change.

Audience

– the intended receiver of a communication or health program.

Channel

– a mode of communication or access for delivering a health program.

Context

– the setting where people may be reached with communications or programs.

Message

– information that is intended to be communicated.