09.A BIO The Work of Gregor Mendel (PART A)

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14 Terms

1

Inheritance

The process in which genetic material is passed from parents to their offspring

2

Genetics

The study of heredity

<p>The study of heredity</p>
3

Trait

A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another such as plant height, seed color, seed shape, flower color, etc.

<p>A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another such as plant height, seed color, seed shape, flower color, etc.</p>
4

Gene

The sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome that codes for a protein and determines a trait

<p>The sequence of nucleotides on a chromosome that codes for a protein and determines a trait</p>
5

Allele

A form or "flavor" of a gene; for example, the gene for flower color could produce either purple flowers or white flowers; expressed by letters such as R (purple) or r (white)

<p>A form or "flavor" of a gene; for example, the gene for flower color could produce either purple flowers or white flowers; expressed by letters such as R (purple) or r (white)</p>
6

Dominant

This type of allele covers up or masks the recessive allele when present and is represented by a capital letter

<p>This type of allele covers up or masks the recessive allele when present and is represented by a capital letter</p>
7

Recessive

This type of allele is covered up the the dominant allele and is represented by a lowercase letter

<p>This type of allele is covered up the the dominant allele and is represented by a lowercase letter</p>
8

True-breeding

A term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves. For example, when an organism with TT is crossed with another organism with TT the only offspring that can be produced will be organisms with TT.

<p>A term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves. For example, when an organism with TT is crossed with another organism with TT the only offspring that can be produced will be organisms with TT.</p>
9

Hybrid

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; heterozygous for the trait; Tt

<p>An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; heterozygous for the trait; Tt</p>
10

Phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits such as height, flower color, seed shape, etc.

11

Genotype

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations such as TT, Tt, tt

12

Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait such as Tt

13

Homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait such as TT or tt

14

Punett Square

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross