Home Testing/Monitoring Devices

pregnancy test MOA

Detect presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay

what are the two types of preg tests

qualitative

quantitative

pregnancy test MOA

Detect presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay

what are the two types of preg tests

qualitative

quantitative

when should you pee on a preg test

first pee of the day

why is first pee of the morning best for preg tests?

concentration

when should you test the urine sample for a preg test

asap

if you cant test a urine sample for a preg test immediately, what should you do?

refrigerate it and then take it out to warm to room temp for 20-30 mins before testing

it may take at least ______ post ovulation for egg to implant and begin to have detectable levels of hCG

5-11 days

it may take at least 5-11 days post ovulation for egg to implant and begin to have detectable levels of ___

hCG

it is best to wait until ___ to test for preg

day period is due or the day after
(14-15 days after ovulation)

what can interfere with preg test results

Miscarriage or birth within the previous 8 weeks

Medications used for fertility (gonadotropins)

what are the options to predict ovulation

Basal body temperature (BBT) thermometers

Ovulation prediction kits (OPKs)

Ovulation detection devices

MOA of basal thermometry testing for ovulation

basal body temp to predict

a ____ in temp signals that ovulation has occured

increase

normal BBT in women

97-97.5 degrees

BBT in women 24-48 hours after ovulation

98.6

basal thermometry ovulation test requires

basal thermometer duh

what can interfere with the results of basal thermometry testing

Emotions, movements, and infections can influence the BBT

Eating, drinking, talking, and smoking within 30 minutes of checking one’s temperature should be postponed until after a measurement is obtained

MOA of urinary hormone ovulation tests

Use monoclonal antibodies specific to luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine samples to detect the surge in LH prior to ovulation (some also test for estrogen)

generally urinary hormone ovulation tests recommend to use

first morning pee

when should urinary hormone ovulation testing be done

starting on the day of the menstrual cycle recommended by the product, until results indicate high or peak fertility

what can cause false positive results in a urinary hormone ovulation test

Medications used to promote ovulation

Menopause and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Pregnancy

what can interfere with urinary hormone ovulation testing

If previously on oral contraceptives, avoid use until 1 to 2 months after discontinuation

low sperm count

<15 million/ml

moderate sperm count

15-55 million/ml

optimal sperm count

>55 million/ml

MOA of male fertility testing

measures sperm count

assess sperm volume, motility, and morphology

in most cases ___ tests are needed to validate mens fertility status

2

fecal occult blood tests MOA

Detect blood in feces with a colorimetric assay for hemoglobin (Hg), the heme portion of Hg acts as an oxidizing agent to catalyze oxidation of the test reagent, tetramethylbenzidine, producing a blue-green color

what is the testing reagent for the fecal occult blood test

tetramethylbenzidine

which color indicates a positive fecal occult blood test

blue/green

what are the two types of fecal occult blood tests

toilet test

stool application products

who is excluded from self testing FOBT

ppl on they periods (gotta wait till its over)

what could interfere with the results of a FOBT

Blood in the stool from other conditions

Use of aspirin, NSAIDs and steroids

Rectally administered medications

Some medications

NSAIDs, Vitamin C, iron

Some foods

Toilet bowl cleaner

when testing for fecal occult blood, you should avoid the use of aspirin, NSAIDs and steroids for…

2-3 days before testing and during the testing period

when testing for fecal occult blood, you should avoid the use of _____ for 2-3 days before testing and during the testing period

aspirin, NSAIDs and steroids

which medications can interfere with FOBT

NSAIDs, vitamin C, iron

what could be measured in a cholesterol test

total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG)

who is excluded from self testing cholesterol

coagulation disorders or anticoagulant use

cholesterol testing requires

blood sample

what can interfere with cholesterol testing

Excessive squeezing and milking of the finger

Blood sample too small or prolonged collection (> 5 minutes)

High doses of Vitamin C (≥ 500 mg)

uses of UTI testing

For early detection of UTI in patients with a history of recurrent UTIs or risk factors associated with UTIs

Confirmation that an infection has been cured by antibiotic therapy

MOA of UTI test

Detection of both nitrite and leukocyte esterase (LE)

UTI testing requires a bacterial conc of ___ in the urine

10^5 per ml of urine

gram - bacteria reduce nitrate to ___ in the urine

nitrite

Arsanilic acid reacts with urinary nitrite to form a diazonium compound, which reacts with another chemical on the test to produce a ___ color

pink

leukocyte esterase in UTI testing only helps to identify…

gram + organisms

what could cause a false negative UTI test

Strict vegetarian diet

Tetracycline use

Vitamin C doses greater than 250 – 500 mg

what could cause a false positive UTI test

◦ Dyes or medications such as phenazopyridine

what kinda pee do u want for a UTI test

first morning pee

held bladder for at least 4 hours pee

HIV test MOA

Use blood or oral fluid samples to detect antibodies to the virus (Sufficient antibodies must develop for detection)

what could interfere with HIV testing

inadequate blood sample or inadequately swabbing the gums

pts taking immunosuppressant therapy

Patients taking immunosuppressant therapy may not be able to produce sufficient levels of ABs adn may obtain a ____ result for a HIV test

false negative

what should not happen 30 mins before an HIV test

eating

drinking

use oral care products

MOA of HepC tests

Tests for presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, not the virus itself

Uses an enzyme immunoassay to test for antibodies in blood sample

____ may be required for enough ABs to detect hepC

6 months

you have to send the home blood sample for which test to a lab to process

hepC

what could interfere with Hep C test

inadequate blood sample

immunosuppressant therapy

immunosuppressant therapy could provide a ___ test result for hep C

false negative

drug testing requires

urine or hair

u gotta mail the sample to a clinical lab for

drug testing

what could cause a false positive drug test

decongestants, dextromethorphan, antidiarrheals, or cough medicines containing codeine, consumption of large amounts of poppy seeds

urine drug tests are better for detecting

low-level, casual drug use

hair drug testing is better for detecting

long term use

how big should the hair be for drug testing

½-inch wide and 1 ½ inches in length from the crown of the head, as close to the scalp as possible