body planes/sections view, body cavities, body quadrants

what is anatomical position?

• common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships

• standing upright

• feet slightly apart

• upper limbs and palms face forward at the sides

• facing forward toward the observer

• right and left of the patient’s body, not the observer’s

what are the 3 body planes and sections?

1. sagittal plane with a sagittal section view

   • midsagittal

   • parasagittal

2. frontal/coronal plane with a frontal/coronal section view

3. transverse plane with a cross-section view

   • horizontal plane

   • cross section

describe the sagittal/medial plane and sagittal/medial section view

• sagittal plane-

  • vertical

  • divides the body into RIGHT and LEFT sides

    • midsagittal/medial plane if its the middle of the body

    • parasagittal if its the middle of the body but off centered

• sagittal section view-

  • side-view

describe the frontal/coronal plane and frontal/coronal section view

• frontal/coronal plane-

  • vertical

  • divides the body into FRONT and BACK

• frontal/coronal section view-

  • a view of a vertical half

describe the transverse/cross plane and cross section view

• transverse plane-

  • horizontal

  • divides the body into UPPER and LOWER halves

  • aka horizontal plane and cross section

• cross section view-

  • top and down view

what are body cavities, and what are the 2 body cavity sections?

• body cavities-

  • many internal organs lie in the membrane-lined body cavities

    • parietal membranes line the cavity

    • visceral membranes cover the organs

  • closed to the outside

  • protection organs within them

  • limit the spread of diseases, bleeding, swelling

• ventral (front) and dorsal (back) body cavities

what are the 2 main sections of the ventral body cavity

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

what does the thoracic cavity of the ventral body cavity consist of?

thoracic cavity-

• viscera (organs)

• surrounded by ribs and chest muscles

• mediastinum-

  • trachea

  • esophagus

  • throat

• 2 pleural cavities (lungs)

• pericardial cavity (heart)

what does the abdominopelvic cavity of the ventral body cavity consist of?

• abdominopelvic cavity-

  • the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

  • abdominal cavity (digestive and urinary organs)-

    • stomach

    • liver

    • gallbladder

    • pancreas

    • small intestine

    • most of the large intestine

    • kidneys

    • ureters

    • spleen

  • pelvic cavity (reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs)-

    • urinary organs (bladder, urethra)

    • reproductive organs (ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, prostate, seminal vesicles

    • rectum and colon

what are 6 other body cavities?

• oral cavity (teeth, tongue)

• digestive cavity (GI tract)

• nasal cavity

• orbital cavities (eyes)

• middle ear cavities (ear bones)

• synovial cavities (in joints)

what are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants?

1. right upper quadrant (RUQ)

2. left upper quadrant (LUQ)

3. right lower quadrant (RLQ)

4. left lower quadrant (LLQ)

what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?

1. hypochondriac regions

   • right and left

2. lumbar regions

   • right and left

3. iliac regions

   • right and left

• epigastric region

• umbilical region

• hypogastric region

RUQ organs and problems

organs-

• liver

• gallbladder

• right kidney

• stomach

• pancreas

• small/large intestines

problems-

• gallbladder disease

• liver conditions

• kidney stones

LUQ organs and problems

organs-

• stomach

• spleen

• pancreas

• left kidney

• liver

• small/large intestines

problems-

• gastritis

• spleen injuries

• pancreatitis

RLQ organs and problems

organs-

• appendix

• ovary

• ureter

• intestines

problems-

• appendicitis

• ovarian cysts

• kidney stones

LLQ organs and problems

organs-

• ovary

• ureter

• intestines

problems-

• diverticulitis

• ovarian cysts

• constipation

right hypochondriac region organs and problems

organs-

• liver

• gallbladder

• kidney

problems-

• gallstones

• liver disease

• kidney pain

epigastric region organs and problems

organs-

• stomach

• liver

• pancreas

• duodenum

problems-

• acid reflux

• gastritis

• ulcers

left hypochondriac region organs and problems

organs-

• stomach

• spleen

• kidney

• pancreas

problems-

• spleen injury

• gastritis

• pancreatitis

right lumbar region organs and problems

organs-

• kidney

• ascending colon

• small intestine

problems-

• kidney infections

• constipation

umbilical region organs and problems

organs-

• small intestine

• transverse colon

problems-

• hernias

• bowel obstructions

left lumbar region organs and problems

organs-

• kidney

• descending colon

• small intestine

problems-

• kidney stones

• constipation

right iliac region organs and problems

organs-

• appendix

• ovary

• cecum

problems-

• appendicitis

• ovarian cysts

hypogastric region organs and problems

organs-

• bladder

• uterus

• rectum

problems-

• UTI

• reproductive issues

• bladder infections

left iliac region organs and problems

organs-

• sigmoid colon

• ovary

problems-

• constipation

• ovarian cysts