CSD 251 pop quiz number 3

What is a cholesteatoma?

the name given to a collection of skin cells deep in the ear that form a pearly-white greasy-looking lump deep in the ear, often up in the epitympanum of the tympanic membrane

What can traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane cause?

pain, bleeding, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo

What is effusion?

fluid

What is serious otitis media?

thin watery fluid that is free from infection

What are the symptoms of serious otitis media?

fullness and hearing loss

What is suppurative otitis media?

fluid that contains infection/pus, usually indicative of an infection

What are symptoms of suppurative otitis media?

fever, ear pain, hearing loss, aural fullness, dizziness, and nausea

What does acute mean?

severe short duration

What does chronic mean?

occurs for a long time with recurrent episodes

What percent of children have at least 1 episode of OME by age 6?

95%

How does OME develop?

bacteria/germs/pathogens migrate up the eustachian tube, which causes swelling+ obstruction

What are the most common pathogens?

streptococcus pneumoniae

haemophilus influenzae

moraxella catarrhalis

What are the 3 main reasons young children have more OME episodes?

1. the muscle responsible for opening and closing the ET (tensor veli palatini) is relatively inefficient among young infants+ children

2. the ET is angled 10 in young children, whereas it is angled 45 in adults

3. the ET is very short in infants, so fluid is able to reach the ME from nasopharyngeal area fairly easily

What does conductive hearing loss range from?

none- as much as 50dBHL

What is tympanosclerosis?

white shale-like plaques on the TM and deposits on ossicles, which result in stiffening the TM and impedes movement

What is adhesive otitis media?

a form of chronic otitis media where there is an adhesion of the middle ear structures as a result of chronic inflamation

What causes facial paralysis?

VII cn passing through a section of the middle ear- if the toxic effects of the fluid errode a section of ME, then the VII nerve can be exposed and paralysis can occur

How do you manage OME

-administration of antimicrobial agents

-antihistamines and decongestants

-surgeries