Biology - Chapter 2

Water & Macromolecules

what are the 2 types of bonds?

ionic and covalent

covalent bonds

Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms.

ionic bonds

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Water is a _____ molecule

polar

Properties of water

high specific heat
cohesion
adhesion
high surface tension
expands when freezing
universal solvent

solvent

dissolves other substances

solute

dissolves in a substance

What are the 4 macromolecules?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

what are lipids monomers?

none (they are a monomer)

what are proteins monomers?

amino acids

what are carbohydrates monomers?

monosaccharides

what are nucleic acids monomers?

nucleotides

elements in lipids

C, H, O, sometimes P, way more C than o

elements in proteins

C, H, O, N, and sometimes S

elements in carboydrates

C, H, O

elements in nucleic acids

C, H, O, N, P

What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?

1:2:1

what are the uses of lipids?

store energy and make the cell membrane

What are the uses of carbohydrates?

energy storage and makes up the cell wall

What are the uses of nucleic acids?

RNA: make proteins
DNA: store genetic code

what are the uses of proteins?

build and breaks down chemicals