ancient rome

inclusive citizenship

the idea that anyone can be a citizen of the country regardless of parental origin

Qaestor

financial officials for troops, district attorneys, low ranking officers in military

Aedile

in charge of maintaining public facilities to entertaining the masses. Early on they had to pay for events from their own pockets

Praetor

judges, governors, head judge in province

Consul

top elected position in Rome

Censor

2 elected every 5 years to count the population

Dictator

only used in emergencies; have total control for a 6 month term

Tribune

created to protect plebeians from patricians, the senate has no authority over them; knows as sacred

Nero

first emperor to persecute Christians

Pax Romana

means the Roman Peace

Suetonius

Wrote about the scandalous lives of the emperors

senate

During the Republic, most power was held by this group

Carthage

in the Punic wars, Rome defeated this city

Paul

spread Christianity to non-jews

Mos Maiorium

means way of the ancestors

Hadrian

built a wall across northern england

Constantine

emperor who ended the persecution of Christians

plebians

members of the new wealth who demanded political rights

Romulus

founder of Rome

patricians

members of the founding families of Rome

huns

this barbarian tribe forced most of the others west into Rome

First triumvirate

consisted of Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey. the three most powerful men, made to create change

Constantinople

Capital of the Eastern half of the empire

Odoacer

barbarian who deposed the last roman emperor

Diocletian

emperor who divided the empire into two, and later four parts; reforms currency and sets prices; issues the worst prosecution of Christians

Messiah

a savior sent by god

Ovid

wrote scandalous love poems

12 tables

first written law code; made to protect the plebs from the patricians

the pantheon

domed temple dedicated to the gods

Hannibal

starts the second Punic war over the city Seguntum. attempts to defect Roman cities to his side

Publius Cornelius Scipio

the commander that defeated Hannibal

Gracchus brothers

brothers who tried to get laws passed for land reforms to boost Rome’s economy and military.

Gaius Marius

A popular plebeian in the Senate who served as consul 7 times. creates a precedent of general loyalty for soldiers. 1st general to use the urban poor as soldiers

Sulla

marius’s right hand; he is a patrician who takes over after his retirement. he becomes the first general to march on Rome after Marius is mean to him

Second Triumvirate

consisted of Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus to avenge the murder of Caesar, restoring stability

Mark Antony

Caesar’s second in command, received the eastern part of the empire and marries Cleopatra

Octavian/Augustus

Caesar’s adopted son; becomes the most powerful man in rome, created many reforms to the empire, first emperor in rome

Nerva

emperor that creates a precedent for the line of succession by adopting sons

Quintus Ennius

first roman writer; wrote the first epic poem in latin over the punic war, heavily inspired by the Illiad

dignitas

reputation from serving your community

gravitas

controlling your emotions

Peter

First Christian leader to create a following in Rome

etruscans

people who gave rome its engineering knowledge

Cognomen

part of the name that was a nickname

nomen

part of the name that denotes what family you belong to

newman

first person in your family to be in the Senate

legion

standard unit of the Roman army

Pranomen

first name