USH EOCT Study Guide (250 Qs)

the 1st permanent English colony in North America founded by the Virginia Company was called?

Jamestown

What was the Virginia Company's legislative assembly called?

House of Burgess

the colonists in Virginia were more concerned with finding ________ than food

gold

what event resulted in landowners switching from indentured servants to a slave system of labor?

bacon's rebellion

the Puritans who settled in this colony wanted to live there so they could get away from religious persecution. What is the name of the colony?

Massachusetts

what was the name of the early bloody conflict between the colonists in the New England colonies and the Native Americans involving Chief Metacom

King Phillip's War

What event had court cases where over 150 Massachusetts colonists were accused of witchcraft?

Salem Witch Trials

what was the 1st major cash crop of Virginia?

tobacco

what was the main reason why colonists came and settled in the New England colonies

religious freedom

this colony was initially settled by the Dutch and called New Netherland but the English took it over and renamed it this

NEw York

Chief who led a confederation of Native Americans against the colony of Jamestown but eventually negotiated a peace with the settlers

Powhatan

adopted by the Puritan Church to establish partial membership in the church for children of full members intended to reduce religious unrest in the Massachusetts colony

Half way covenant

New England colony founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson for individuals who left Massachusetts due to religious disagreements

rhode island

the middle colony settled by William Penn as a haven for Quakers

Pennsylvania

the first permanent French settlement in North America established by Samuel de Champlain in 1608

Quebec

Document written by the Pilgrims while they were still on board the ship that brought them to the New World which established the use of town meetings where voters would make decisions based on majority rules

mayflower compact

what is the economic theory where countries tried to acquire as much gold, silver, and colonies as possible to obtain resources and wealth

Mercantilism

the brutal sea voyage that carried thousands of African American slaves to the Americas was called the

middle passage

he was a founding father, scientist, philosopher, inventor, and a great example of social mobility and individualism during colonial times

Benjamin Franklin

both the ______ and the Enlightenment movements caused a general questioning of authority on the part of the colonists both religiously and scientifically during the colonial period

great awakening

what event was the result of a long rivalry between the British and the French, due to the competition for land in North America

French and Indian war

what law did Britain pass to attempt to stop the colonists from expanding west of the Appalachian mountains after the French and Indian War?

proclamation of 1763

this British law required colonists to print newspapers, legal documents, playing cards, etc. on paper bearing special stamps

stamp act

These acts forced the port of Boston to close for the Boston Tea Party and forced colonists to house British soldiers. The colonists called these the __________ Acts.

intolerable

the committees of correspondence were set up to organize and communicate issues between the colonists. This group eventually led to the formation of the

first continental convention

To show their dislike of British Rule, what colonial group damaged British property, including government offices and homes of wealthy British supporters and burned the British King in effigy

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

What was the name of the pamphlet where Thomas Paine called for the colonists to declare independence from Great Britain

Common Sense

What is the name of the treaty that ended the French and Indian War and forced France to turn over control of Canada to Great Britain

Treaty of Paris of 1763

from what document does the following excerpt come from "all men are created equal...endowed by their creator with the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?

Declaration of independence

Who was the English philosopher who wrote about "natural rights" that influenced many of America's Founding Fathers?

John Locke

Where was the site of the Continental army's camp during the winter of 1777-1778 where General Washington had Baron von Steubin train the army into an organized fighting force?

Valley Forge

Who served as an American ambassador to France during the Revolutionary Period and convinced the French to be our ally in our fight for freedom from the British?

Benjamin Franklin

George Washington and his men crossed what river to surprise the Hessian mercenaries fighting the British who were encamped at Trenton, NJ?

Delaware River

At what battle did General Cornwallis and his British soldiers surrender during the American Revolution after being trapped on a Virginian peninsula?

Battle of Yorktown

Who was the author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the commander of the American Army during the Revolutionary War and was the first president of the United States?

George Washington

Who was the French general that served as an officer under General George Washington in the Revolutionary War and was very influential in helping to convince the French to aid the American colonists during the Revolutionary War?

Marquis de Lafayette

What treaty ended the American Revolution granting America its independence from the British?

Treaty of Paris 1783

What European country allied with the American colonies during the Revolutionary War in an effort to seek revenge against the British for their recent losses to them?

France

What name was given to the agreement among delegates to the Constitutional Convention that settled the dispute of representation in Congress by stating the lower house would be based on population and the upper house would be equal representation regardless of states size?

Great Compromise

what idea, first proposed by the philosopher Montesquieu, divides the authority to govern between different branches of government?

separation of powers

what do we call the process that makes sure that one branch does not abuse its powers by giving the other two branches ways of containing it?

checks & balances

what was the name of the group that spoke out against the passing of the constitution unless it consisted of the Bill of Rights

Anti-Federalists

what was the name given to a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to gain support for the ratification of the constitution?

Federalist papers

What event happened as a reaction to the excise taxes imposed on certain goods during the George Washington's presidency, when some farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax and threatened violence, Washington sent a military force to put down the rebellion showing the new national government's power to enforce its laws?

Whiskey Rebellion

What was the name of our first written constitution as a free nation whose weaknesses included no national unity, no difference in representation by population, and the government could not collect taxes?

Articles of Confederation

what event was where debt-ridden farmers tried to seize a federal arsenal and fight against the government and convinced Americans that a stronger national government was needed?

Shays Rebellion

The first ten amendments added to the constitution in 1791, which are intended to protect individual and state rights, are called the

Bill of Rights

The idea that governments must obey a set of laws and respect the rights of citizens is known as _?_.

limited government

What developed as a result of the differences that developed between the followers of Alexander Hamilton (Federalists) and Thomas Jefferson (Republicans) and have remained a part of American politics ever since?

political parties

51) These laws passed in the 1780s demonstrated to Americans that the national government intended to encourage westward expansion into the Ohio Valley area. They also made slavery illegal in these new territories; provided the first government funds for public education; and set forth the requirements for adding new states.

Northwest Ordinance

52) Who did Thomas Jefferson appoint to explore the Louisiana Territory which was purchased from the French in 1803?

Lewis and Clark

53) The following causes started which war: 1-British were trying to strangle American trade; 2-outraged by the British policy of impressments; 3-British were supporting Native Americans fight against the colonists?

War of 1812

54) What term describes the pride and respect felt for one's country - this was especially strong for America after the War of 1812?

Nationalism

55) Which document warned European Nations to not settle or colonize in the western hemisphere? ("Don't settle; don't meddle").

Monroe Doctrine

56) What was constructed by New York and opened in 1825, which connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River and made New York the dominant commercial city in the United States?

Erie Canal

57) What type of democracy sought a stronger executive branch and a weaker Congress, it also sought to broaden public participation in government? Hint: This president named it after himself.

Jacksonian Democracy

58) Individuals who wanted to make slavery illegal in the United States were called _?_.

Abolitionists

59) The removal in the 1830s of Native American tribes from the southeastern United States to lands set aside for them in Oklahoma was known as the:

Trail of Tears

60) Who invented the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

61) Because of this idea machines that needed repair did not have to be destroyed due to having parts that could fit any machine.

Interchangeable Parts

62) What was the name of the meeting organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in 1848 with the main purpose being to discuss issues of women's rights, especially women's suffrage?

Seneca Falls Convention

63) What idea stated that it was America's God given right to expand westward?

Manifest Destiny

64) What reform movement of the 1830s stated that people should drink less alcohol or it should be outlawed altogether?

Temperance Movement

65) Who published the newspaper called The Liberator which called for the immediate, uncompensated abolishment of slavery?"

William Garrison

66) He was a former slave who later published his own anti-slavery newspaper called The North Star?

Frederick Douglas

67) Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820, Missouri is brought in as a slave state and __________ is brought as a free state keeping the balance of power in the Senate.

Maine

68) This proposal stated that any state acquired in the Mexican-American War could never be a slave state; however, it was voted down by Congress.

Wilmot Proviso

69) What term describes putting the concerns of a portion or part of a country over the concerns of an entire country?

Sectionalism

70) Which war took place because the U.S wanted both California and New Mexico and provoked a war in order to obtain it?

Mexican American War

71) Under this law California was admitted into the U.S. as a free state; popular sovereignty would be used to determine slavery in the Western territories; and a stronger fugitive slave law was established in the North.

Compromise of 1850

72) What was the name of the slave rebellion that occurred in Virginia in 1831 where approximately 160 people were killed resulting in the tightening of slave codes and the executions of the rebellion leaders?

Nat Turner's Rebellion

73) What was the name of the team of sisters who were from a prominent slaveholding family in the South who became outspoken abolitionists during the pre-civil war period?

Grimke Sisters

74) Event in 1832 when South Carolina, under the leadership of John C. Calhoun, threatened that they would not follow federal tariff laws and would secede from the U.S. if forced to do so. President Andrew Jackson threatened to send in the national military to make South Carolina comply if needed; however, a compromise was worked out by Henry Clay to end the crisis.

Nullification Crisis

75) In what two speeches, delivered by President Lincoln, did he reaffirm his desire to see the Union survive and the nation reunited?

Gettysburg Address and Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Speech

76) What area did the South have an advantage over the north during the Civil War?

Military Leadership OR home field advantage

77) What executive order was issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that freed slaves in the Confederate states and gave the war a moral cause for the North?

Emancipation Proclamation

78) Which court case stated that slaves were not citizens, but personal property and therefore had no right to go to court to win their freedom?

Dred Scott Decision

79) What act effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise and reignited the slavery issue by allowing territories within the Louisiana Purchase area to determine slavery by popular sovereignty?

Kansas-Nebraska Act

80) As stated in his 1st Inaugural Address, what was President Abraham Lincoln's main goal at the beginning of the Civil War?

Preserve the Union

81) Which event started because of the differences in opinion between the Northern and Southern states about states' rights; slavery; and the economy?

civil war

82) Idea that the people who live in certain territories or states would vote on whether or not to allow slavery.

popular sovereignty

83) This Civil War battle, the bloodiest battle of the war, was the turning point of the war because the South would never invade the north again?

battle of gettysburg

84) Who was the President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War?

Jefferson davis

85) Who was the best known commander of the Southern troops during the Civil War who surrendered to General Grant in 1865?

Robert e Lee

86) Who was the best known commander of the Northern troops during the Civil War, eventually receiving the surrender of the Southern troops?

ulysses grant

87) In what was called the "march to the sea," which Northern General advanced troops into the heart of the South (TN; GA; SC; NC) burning and destroying cities and railroads to "break the will" of the South to continue fighting in the Civil War?

William sherman

88) Location where General Lee surrendered to General Grant effectively ending the Civil War on April 9, 1865.

Appomattox court house

89) What is the guarantee that a person cannot be imprisoned without being brought before a judge? President Abraham Lincoln suspended this during the Civil War as a measure to "protect the Union."

habeas corpus

90) What abolitionist used violence and killing against anti-slavery forces in "bleeding Kansas" and during his raid on a federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, he intended to start a slave rebellion, but was captured and later hanged for his crimes?

John brown

91) Who was the beloved Confederate General and right-hand man to Robert E. Lee who was accidentally killed by his own men at the Battle of Chancellorsville?

stonewall jackson

92) What was the name of the Union fort in Charleston, SC where the first shots of the Civil War were fired? The fort was eventually abandoned by Union soldiers, but the event gave President Lincoln the public support he needed to go to war.

fort sumter

93) Civil War battle that was the "bloodiest single day of the war." After finding a copy of Lee's battle plan, Union General George McClellan was ready for Lee's assault; however, McClellan failed to pursue and Lee's army escaped. President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after this Union victory.

battle of antietam

94) Where was the last Confederate stronghold city on the Mississippi River that fell to Union General Ulysses S. Grant after a siege of two months?

vicksburg

95) At the beginning of the Civil War, which side had the advantages of: industry; railroads; money; stable government; and population?

the union

96) What Georgia city fell to the Northern Army under General William T. Sherman in late 1864, leaving little resistance to him as he "marched to the sea" on the coast?

atlanta

97) What name was given to the plan of reconstruction put forth by the Republican controlled Congress to rejoin the North and the South after the Civil war - harsh?

radical reconstruction

98) What name was given to the secretive organization whose members often dressed in hooded white robes and used intimidation, violence, and sometimes murder against African-Americans and those who supported them?

ku klux klan

99) Which amendment gave former male slaves the right to vote in the U.S?

15th amendment

100) In 1868, which President was impeached by the Radical Republican Congress for violating the Tenure of Office Act; however, the President was found not guilty by one vote?

Andrew johnson