Part 9: Pediatric Solid Tumors- General Info

What is meant by pediatric “solid tumors”

the tumor is a physical mass,

Childhood cancer excluding:

1. leukemias- not a solid tumor

2. brain tumors- their own category

“Pediatric” age group

children up to the age of 15

number of pediatric cancers diagnosed/ year

9k/ year

number of pediatric cancer deaths/ year

1500/ year

def. inflammation of the lungs

term. pneumonitis

def. any disfunctions/ diseases of the brain

term. encephalopathies

def. inflammation of the small intestines

term. enteritis

def. anything that is hollow/ honeycomb- shaped

alveolar

Give an example of an alveolar structure

alveoli of the lungs

def. having many shapes

term. pleomorphic

def. loss of the iris

term. aniridia

def. massive fatigue

term. malaise

Pediatric solid tumors epidemiology (4)

1. cancer is #2 cause of death in children

2. over ½ childhood cancers are solid tumors

3. 6k solid tumor cases/ year; 1/3 die

4. Higher incidence in males

What are the most common childhood cancers. Ranked

1. leukemia (~40% of peds cancers)

2. CNS tumors

Childhood cancers usually involve ___tissues, while adult cancers generally involve ___ tissues

childhood:

1. hematopoietic

2. nervous

3. connective

Adult:

1. epithelial (environmentally induced)

How are childhood cancers generally treated? why?

1. using a multi-disciplinary treatment- due to concerns for late effects

2. at specialized clinics, rather than local hospitals

Childhood tumors etiology (3)

1. genetic/ hereditary

2. Virus (e.g. EBV)

3. AIDS- Kaposi’s & Lymphomas

RARELY associated with environmental conditions - those have long latent periods

Staging for peds tumros

no generally accepted staging system for pediatric tumors

True or False: We need to keep late effects in mind when determining tx for peds tumors

True

late effects of RTT on children (6)

1. late carcinogenesis

2. Retardation of bone/ cartilage growth

3. intellectual impairments

4. sterilization (if gonads are in field)

5. Other organ specific effects

6. psychosocial effects

late effects of chemo in children (5)

1. renal atrophy

2. cardiomyopathy

3. encephalitis

4. enteritis

5. psychosocial effects

True or False: Late effects on children can be synergistic

True, therefore carful planning is required

Mnemonic for ped tumors discussed

• W – Willie

• N – Nelson

• R – Ran

• R – Red

• L – Lights

• L – Like (an)

• O – Outlaw

• E – Escaping

• G – Gunshots

What pediatric solid tumors were discussed (9)

1. Wilms Tumor- kidney

2. Neuroblastoma- neural crest cells that develop into adrenal medulla

3. Rhabdomyosarcoma- embryonic mesenchyme (soft tissue) that develop into muscle

4. Retinoblastoma

5. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis- histiocytic immune system’s Langerhans cells

6. Lymphoma- HD, NHL, Burkitt’s

7. Osteogenic Sarcoma (osteosarcoma)- bone

8. Ewing’s Sarcoma- soft tissue near the bone (not a bone tumor)

9. Germ Cell Tumors- ovum or sperm cell

What childhood cancer is this?

• Wilms Tumor- kidney

What childhood cancer is this?

• Neuroblastoma- neural crest cells that develop into adrenal medulla

What childhood cancer is this?

• Rhabdomyosarcoma- embryonic mesenchyme (soft tissue) that develop into muscle

What childhood cancer is this?

• Retinoblastoma

What childhood cancer is this?
* the purple cell

• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis- histiocytic immune system’s Langerhans cells

What childhood cancer is this?

• Lymphoma- HD, NHL, Burkitt’s

What childhood cancer is this?

• Osteogenic Sarcoma (osteosarcoma)- bone

What childhood cancer is this?

• Ewing’s Sarcoma- soft tissue near the bone (not a bone tumor)

What childhood cancer is this?

• Germ Cell Tumors- ovum or sperm cell e.g. teratoma