P in PICO
patient, problem, population
P in PS
patient, problem, population
I in PICO
intervention
C in PICO
comparison
O in PICO
outcome
S in PS
situation
health promotion
the process of enabling ppl to inc control over, and to improve their health
health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; means not just the absence of disease
Lewin’s Change Theory
Unfreeze
Change state
Refreeze
unfreeze
breaking the habit
change state
process of actually changing the behavior
refreeze
at a new stat
determinants of health
the array of critical influences that determine the health of individuals and communities
health belief model factors
readiness to change
value of health to the individual
perceived susceptibility to health problems
perceived seriousness of disease
risk factors based on heredity, race, cultural, medical history
benefits of health action
perceived barriers to health promotion action
health belief model
a theory of health behaviours; the model predicts that whether a person practices a particular health habit can be understood by by knowing the degree to which the person perceives a personal health threat and the perception that particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat
transtheoretical model of change (TTM) written by Prochaska
pre-contemplation
contemplation
planning
action
maintenance
pre-comtemplation
no - not considering change (no desire to take action within 6mo)
contemplation
maybe - aware of but not considering change soon (desire to take action within 6mo)
preparation
ok - seriously thinking about making a change within the next month
action
do - made a behaviour change and it has persisted for a period of 6 moths
maintenance
keep going - the period beginning 6mo after action has started and continuing indefinitely
qualitative
stories and understanding subjective, feelings
quantitatice
numbers and data objective
CRAAP tool
used to asses articles and research
C - currency
R - relevance
A - authority
A - accuracy
P - purpose
menopause
permanent end of ovarian estrogen production - ovulation and menses stop; estrogen is just produced in the adrenal gland
personhood and caring
the theme focuses on the humanist aspect of nursing beginning w a focus on the nurse and client as a person, their narrative and the professional, therapeutic relationship between nurse and client
context, health and healing
this theme focuses on the internal and external influences on health and the nurses ability to think and act like a nurse in order to provide safe and competent care as part of the health care team within a health care system and broader community
learning and knowing
this theme focuses on critical inquiry, ways of discover and appropriate use of technology within nursing to facilitate lifelong learning and reflective practice
concepts within personhood and caring
communication, nursing as a profession, leadership, advocacy
concepts within context, health and healing
change interprofessional teamwork, profession nursing care, diversity
concepts within learning and knowing
critical inquiry, technology, research
person-centered care
concept of healthcare which focuses on the peoples health and uses this as well as social services to plan, develop and monitor care to ensure it meets the peoples health needs
nursing process
assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
information literacy
the ability to find and evaluate the quality of information
SGL
small group learning
PBL/PBL
person based learning within a problem based approach
SDL
self directed learning. forming goals and evaluating learning outcomes & assuming responsibility for own learning learning
LLL
life long learning
scientific method
ask question, identify problem, hypothesis, experiment, analyze/conclusion
tanner’s model of clinical judgement
noticing
interpreting
responding
reflecting
therapeutic communication
verbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship
McMaster model of nursing exphasizes
humanistic caring and the kaleidoscope curriculum
narractive medicine
clinical practice fortified by the knowledge of what to do with stories
narrative knowledge
what one uses to understand the meaning and significance of stories through cognitive, symbolic, and affective means
group norms
shared guidelines or rules for behavior that most group members follow
negotiation
discussion aimed at reaching an agreement
follwership
the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment
leadership
the action of leading a group of people or an organization
conformity
occurs when group members adopt attitudes and actions that adhere to group norms and are favored by a majority of group members
constructive nonconformity
occurs when a member resists conforming to norms as a way of altering members about problems that may prevent the group from achieving its common goal
norms
expectations concerning the kinds of behaviours and opinions that are acceptable or unacceptable in a particular group
interaction norms
how group members should communicate with one another
procedural norms
how the groups should operate and what structure procedure it should use
status norms
levels of influence among group members and how status is established or earned in the group
Thomas intrinsic motivators in action
meaningfulness, choice, competence, and progress
extrinsic motivation
the incentives that come form external sources
intrinsic motivation
consistutes rewards that come from internal sources inherent in particular activity
7 group task roles
coordinator, information provider, opinion provider, questioner, clarifier, analyzer, and implementer
health promotion
the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
primary prevention
efforts to prevent and injury or illness from ever occuring
secondary prevention
efforts to limit the effects on an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent
tertiary prevention
actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages
approaches to health care
medical, behavioural, socioenvironmental
medical model of health
a stability orientation to health; emphasizes that medial intervention restores health
behavioural model of health
places responsibility for health on the individual, thereby favoring health promotion strategies such as education
socio-environmental model of health
the social context of health; the social conditions that influence health, place the responsibility for health on society rather than only on individuals
5 major strategies to promote health
building health public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services
disease prevention
the process of reducing risks and alleviating disease to promote, preserves and restore health and minimize suffering and distress
ottawa charter
health is responsibility of society, social justice, equity, empowerment are important goals for healthcare providers
disease
objective state of ill health
illness
a subjective sexperience of loss of health
synergy
whole is greater than the sum of its pats (needs 3+ people)
the ways of knowing
empirical/scientific, ethical, personal, aesthetic, and emancipatory
empirical/scientific knowing
expressed in practice as scientific competence
ethical knowing
momentary judgments about what is right and responsible
personal knowing
knowing one’s self and one’s self in relation to others
aesthetic knowing
deep appreciation of the meaning of situation and brings forth inner resources that transform the experience into what is not yet real; seeing the bigger picture, empathy
emancipatory knowing
awareness and critical reflection are essential in identifying the inequities that exist in social and political institutions; social justice
praxis of nursing
when all 5 ways of knowing come together
individual praxis
recognize condition that limit their own/other’s abilties
collective praxis
requires reflection and action in concert with others who are engaged in creating social and political change
Florence Nightingale
founder of modern nursing
nursing + teaching
established 1st secular nursing school in the world
Mary Snively
Provisional organization of CAnadian National association of Trained nurses (CNA)`
Jean Gunn
Pushed for the registration of nurses
background questions
questions focusing on basic or general knowledge about a condition/disorder (i.e. how does the brain work?)
foreground question
questions focusing on specific knowledge to inform clinical decision or actions (i.e. what interventions are effective to improve memory in older adults?)
force field analysis
human behavior drive by forces: driving and restraining forces
driving force
urging toward behaviour, initiate change and keeps it going
restraining forces
propelling away from a behaviour
domains of learning
cognitive, affective, psychomotor
6S pyramid
used to finding resources for foreground questions. top to bottom
system
summaries
synopses of syntheses
syntheses
synopses of single studies
single studies
system
1st level of 6S pyramid
summaries
2nd level of 6S pyramid
synopses of synthesis
3rd level of 6S pyramid
syntheses
4th level of 6S pyramid
synopses of single studies
5th level of 6S pyramid
single studies
6th level of 6S pyramid
academic integrity
moral code/ethical policy of academia; i.e. the honour system of the university
framework for advocacy
identifying potential problems, formulating actions, obstacles addressed, actions carried out
Meal
M: main point
E: evidence
A: application
L: linking sentence