N1f03 exam

P in PICO

patient, problem, population

P in PS

patient, problem, population

I in PICO

intervention

C in PICO

comparison

O in PICO

outcome

S in PS

situation

health promotion

the process of enabling ppl to inc control over, and to improve their health

health

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; means not just the absence of disease

Lewin’s Change Theory

1. Unfreeze
2. Change state
3. Refreeze

unfreeze

breaking the habit

change state

process of actually changing the behavior

refreeze

at a new stat

determinants of health

the array of critical influences that determine the health of individuals and communities

health belief model factors

1. readiness to change
2. value of health to the individual
3. perceived susceptibility to health problems
4. perceived seriousness of disease
5. risk factors based on heredity, race, cultural, medical history
6. benefits of health action
7. perceived barriers to health promotion action

health belief model

a theory of health behaviours; the model predicts that whether a person practices a particular health habit can be understood by by knowing the degree to which the person perceives a personal health threat and the perception that particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat

transtheoretical model of change (TTM) written by Prochaska

1. pre-contemplation
2. contemplation
3. planning
4. action
5. maintenance

pre-comtemplation

no - not considering change (no desire to take action within 6mo)

contemplation

maybe - aware of but not considering change soon (desire to take action within 6mo)

preparation

ok - seriously thinking about making a change within the next month

action

do - made a behaviour change and it has persisted for a period of 6 moths

maintenance

keep going - the period beginning 6mo after action has started and continuing indefinitely

qualitative

stories and understanding subjective, feelings

quantitatice

numbers and data objective

CRAAP tool

used to asses articles and research

C - currency

R - relevance

A - authority

A - accuracy

P - purpose

menopause

permanent end of ovarian estrogen production - ovulation and menses stop; estrogen is just produced in the adrenal gland

personhood and caring

the theme focuses on the humanist aspect of nursing beginning w a focus on the nurse and client as a person, their narrative and the professional, therapeutic relationship between nurse and client

context, health and healing

this theme focuses on the internal and external influences on health and the nurses ability to think and act like a nurse in order to provide safe and competent care as part of the health care team within a health care system and broader community

learning and knowing

this theme focuses on critical inquiry, ways of discover and appropriate use of technology within nursing to facilitate lifelong learning and reflective practice

concepts within personhood and caring

communication, nursing as a profession, leadership, advocacy

concepts within context, health and healing

change interprofessional teamwork, profession nursing care, diversity

concepts within learning and knowing

critical inquiry, technology, research

person-centered care

concept of healthcare which focuses on the peoples health and uses this as well as social services to plan, develop and monitor care to ensure it meets the peoples health needs

nursing process

assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

information literacy

the ability to find and evaluate the quality of information

SGL

small group learning

PBL/PBL

person based learning within a problem based approach

SDL

self directed learning. forming goals and evaluating learning outcomes & assuming responsibility for own learning learning

LLL

life long learning

scientific method

ask question, identify problem, hypothesis, experiment, analyze/conclusion

tanner’s model of clinical judgement

noticing

interpreting

responding

reflecting

therapeutic communication

verbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship

McMaster model of nursing exphasizes

humanistic caring and the kaleidoscope curriculum

narractive medicine

clinical practice fortified by the knowledge of what to do with stories

narrative knowledge

what one uses to understand the meaning and significance of stories through cognitive, symbolic, and affective means

group norms

shared guidelines or rules for behavior that most group members follow

negotiation

discussion aimed at reaching an agreement

follwership

the process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment

leadership

the action of leading a group of people or an organization

conformity

occurs when group members adopt attitudes and actions that adhere to group norms and are favored by a majority of group members

constructive nonconformity

occurs when a member resists conforming to norms as a way of altering members about problems that may prevent the group from achieving its common goal

norms

expectations concerning the kinds of behaviours and opinions that are acceptable or unacceptable in a particular group

interaction norms

how group members should communicate with one another

procedural norms

how the groups should operate and what structure procedure it should use

status norms

levels of influence among group members and how status is established or earned in the group

Thomas intrinsic motivators in action

meaningfulness, choice, competence, and progress

extrinsic motivation

the incentives that come form external sources

intrinsic motivation

consistutes rewards that come from internal sources inherent in particular activity

7 group task roles

coordinator, information provider, opinion provider, questioner, clarifier, analyzer, and implementer

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

primary prevention

efforts to prevent and injury or illness from ever occuring

secondary prevention

efforts to limit the effects on an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent

tertiary prevention

actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages

approaches to health care

medical, behavioural, socioenvironmental

medical model of health

a stability orientation to health; emphasizes that medial intervention restores health

behavioural model of health

places responsibility for health on the individual, thereby favoring health promotion strategies such as education

socio-environmental model of health

the social context of health; the social conditions that influence health, place the responsibility for health on society rather than only on individuals

5 major strategies to promote health

building health public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services

disease prevention

the process of reducing risks and alleviating disease to promote, preserves and restore health and minimize suffering and distress

ottawa charter

health is responsibility of society, social justice, equity, empowerment are important goals for healthcare providers

disease

objective state of ill health

illness

a subjective sexperience of loss of health

synergy

whole is greater than the sum of its pats (needs 3+ people)

the ways of knowing

empirical/scientific, ethical, personal, aesthetic, and emancipatory

empirical/scientific knowing

expressed in practice as scientific competence

ethical knowing

momentary judgments about what is right and responsible

personal knowing

knowing one’s self and one’s self in relation to others

aesthetic knowing

deep appreciation of the meaning of situation and brings forth inner resources that transform the experience into what is not yet real; seeing the bigger picture, empathy

emancipatory knowing

awareness and critical reflection are essential in identifying the inequities that exist in social and political institutions; social justice

praxis of nursing

when all 5 ways of knowing come together

individual praxis

recognize condition that limit their own/other’s abilties

collective praxis

requires reflection and action in concert with others who are engaged in creating social and political change

Florence Nightingale

founder of modern nursing

nursing + teaching

established 1st secular nursing school in the world

Mary Snively

Provisional organization of CAnadian National association of Trained nurses (CNA)\`

Jean Gunn

Pushed for the registration of nurses

background questions

questions focusing on basic or general knowledge about a condition/disorder (i.e. how does the brain work?)

foreground question

questions focusing on specific knowledge to inform clinical decision or actions (i.e. what interventions are effective to improve memory in older adults?)

force field analysis

human behavior drive by forces: driving and restraining forces

driving force

urging toward behaviour, initiate change and keeps it going

restraining forces

propelling away from a behaviour

domains of learning

cognitive, affective, psychomotor

6S pyramid

used to finding resources for foreground questions. top to bottom


1. system
2. summaries
3. synopses of syntheses
4. syntheses
5. synopses of single studies
6. single studies

system

1st level of 6S pyramid

summaries

2nd level of 6S pyramid

synopses of synthesis

3rd level of 6S pyramid

syntheses

4th level of 6S pyramid

synopses of single studies

5th level of 6S pyramid

single studies

6th level of 6S pyramid

academic integrity

moral code/ethical policy of academia; i.e. the honour system of the university

framework for advocacy

identifying potential problems, formulating actions, obstacles addressed, actions carried out

Meal

M: main point

E: evidence

A: application

L: linking sentence