Science

Physical Properties

Observable or measurable characteristics of matter without changing its composition, including states of matter, appearance, texture, smell, density, and boiling/melting/freezing points.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics related to a substance's ability to undergo changes, such as rusting, flammability, reactivity, and toxicity.

Chemical Reactions

Process where substances interact to form new substances with different compositions.

Chemical Changes

Alteration in matter producing new substances on a molecular level, like cooking an egg or rusting of a nail.

Signs of a Chemical Change

Indicators like smoke, fire, bubbles, unexpected temperature or color changes, formation of precipitate, change in odor, and release of gas.

Reactants and Products

Starting substances and resulting new substances in a chemical reaction.

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical or physical reactions, as demonstrated by Antoine Lavoisier.

Balancing Equations

Adjusting coefficients to ensure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion reactions.

Endothermic vs

Endothermic absorbs more energy than it releases, while exothermic releases more energy than it absorbs.