unit 2 : bureaucracy notes

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7 Terms

1
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bureaucracy

  • is an efficient and effective way to organize people to do work

  • they are found wherever there are large organizations

    • examples: corporations, universities, catholic churches, and federal agencies / departments

2
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three feautures

  1. hierarchical society

  2. job specialization

  3. formalized rules

3
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constitutional origins of the bureaucracy

  • article one, section eight : necessary and proper clause

  • article two, section two : “he may require the opinion in writing of the principal officer in each executive departments…” - president can appoint heads and ambassadors + can advise him

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bureaucracies as implementers : the “4th branch”

federal bureaucracy carries out the responsibilities of the federal government

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quasi-legislative

rulemaking (apply laws passed) - testify in congressional oversight hearings

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quasi-judicial

administrative discretion - administrative adjudication (making a decision to fine you)

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discretionary authority

  • the power to choose courses of action and to make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws

  • examples may include safety regulations, which drugs should be legal, and which corporate mergers should be allowed