Unit 5: Urinary Tract and Reproductive

Renin function

Hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure.

Erythropoietin function

Hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production.

Calciferol function

Hormone form of Vitamin D that aids in the absorption of calcium from the intestine.

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Laboratory test that measures urea levels in the blood to assess kidney function.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and a renal tubule.

Three steps of urine formation

Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion.

Cyst/o

Combining form meaning urinary bladder.

Nephr/o

Combining form meaning kidney.

Pyel/o

Combining form meaning renal pelvis.

-tripsy

Suffix meaning to crush.

Azot/o

Combining form meaning nitrogen.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney, often following a streptococcal infection.

Nephrolithiasis

Abnormal condition of kidney stones.

Pyelonephritis

Bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and nephrons.

Hemodialysis

Process using an artificial kidney machine to filter waste-filled blood from the patient.

Peritoneal dialysis

Dialysis where fluid is instilled into the abdominal cavity to remove wastes through the peritoneum.

Andr/o

Combining form meaning male.

Balan/o

Combining form meaning glans penis.

Cryptorchidism

An undescended testicle.

Hydrocele

A sac of fluid/water in the scrotum.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Noncancerous growth of cells in the prostate gland common in older men.

Hypospadias

Urethral opening located on the underside of the penis.

Phimosis

Narrowing or stricture of the skin over the glans penis.

Vasectomy

Surgical removal of part of the vas deferens to cause male sterilization.

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

Blood test that measures prostate-specific antigen levels to screen for prostate issues.

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

Surgical removal of hyperplastic prostate tissue through a scope.

Gametes

Sex cells (ovum in females, sperm cell in males).

Men/o

Combining form meaning menses or menstruation.

Metr/o

Combining form meaning uterus.

Oophor/o

Combining form meaning ovary.

Salping/o

Combining form meaning fallopian tube.

Endometriosis

Condition where endometrial tissue is found outside the uterus.

Placenta Previa

Placental implantation over the cervical os or lower part of the uterine wall.

Preeclampsia

Pregnancy condition characterized by increased blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema.

Eclampsia

Severe preeclampsia symptoms with the addition of seizures or coma; also called toxemia.

Gravida

Term meaning the number of pregnancies.

Para

Term meaning the number of live births.

Nulligravida

A woman who has never been pregnant.

Primigravida

A woman pregnant for the first time.

Dilation and Curettage (D&C)

Widening of the cervix and scraping of the uterine endometrium.

Tubal ligation

Blocking of the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization.

Amniocentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amniotic sac for analysis.

BID

Medical abbreviation meaning twice a day.

TID

Medical abbreviation meaning three times a day.

QID

Medical abbreviation meaning four times a day.

PRN

Medical abbreviation meaning as needed.

NPO

Medical abbreviation meaning nothing by mouth.

STAT

Medical abbreviation meaning immediately.

UTI

Medical abbreviation for urinary tract infection.

Cesarean Section (C-section)

Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.

HCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin; hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy.

DRE

Digital rectal exam; finger examination of the prostate through the rectum.

ESRD

End-stage renal disease.

Episiotomy

Surgical incision of the perineum to ease childbirth.