ENG222 JMU Final Exam

Shomin-Geki

melodramas focused on the lives of working class people

mono-no-aware

"a pathos of things", a feeling in which one recognizes and accepts that things are impermanent and transitory, yet is still sad that nothing lasts.

modan raifu

the early modern idea that the citizens of Japan could make a life for themselves through collecting wealth and obedience to authority

uncanny

the familiar turning unfamiliar

Revolutionary cinema

cinema designed to provoke social change

Dialectical montage

an editing theory based on Karl Marx's concept of Historical Materialism. By combining a first and then a second shot, an independent third meaning is created.

Montage of attractions

a disjunctive editing style meant to call attention to the rapid contrasts between shots

Early Neorealism

characterized more by films about poor people and their everyday lives

Late Neorealism

broader than early neorealism and had more films in which they portrayed the upper or middle classes as well.

"Slice of life" narrative

when a narrative follows a particular character or group through a 'day in the life', that is, an ordinary and typical story of the character's life

Non-place

a place that everyone occupies , but no one has any personal attachment to, such as an airport, a mall, or a grocery store.

Masala film

an Indian genre hybrid, may be equal parts comedy, musical, drama, etc.

Socialist realist Hindi-language cinema

Cinema that focuses on the lives of working people, in which characters are not so much individuals themselves but emblematic of a certain role in society or type of character.

Auteur theory

a theory popularized by French film critics that a director is the 'author' of a film and that the film is like a personal statement by the director or an expression of the director's life philosophy.

Taiyozoku (sun-tribe) film

a type of youth-focused film in Japan that centered on young people rebelling against Japanese traditional authority.

Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security (AMPO)

the agreement that Japan had in place post- WWII, the US to exercise power in Japan.

Shochiku

the most famous Japanese film studio

Brechtian Alienation

a work doesn't let the audience develop an emotional attachment to the drama, encouraging them to consider the events rationally.

1968 Warsaw Pact Invasion

an invasion of Prague in which Soviet tanks took over the city and squashed the more democratic ideals of Czechoslovakian socialism

FAMU

a very influential film school

Counter-Culture

an anti-establishment movement in the 1960s that opposed traditional social values.

Neocolonialism

the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies

Early phase third cinema

militant, parallel with revolutionary struggles, should create discussion among viewers

Late phase third cinema

radical form of production, expose the living conditions of people at the grassroots level.

Orientalism

how the West imagine the "Orient"

Negative Stereotypes (Accented Cinemas)

irrational, feminized, mysterious, dubious morality, sexually unrestrained

Positive Stereotypes (Accented Cinemas)

classical past of the "Orient" romanticized, timeless

Auteurist Transnationalism

transnational ties built from personal vision

Experimental Transnationalism

transnational ties for the sake of art

Affinitive Transnationalism

establish shared culture based on apparent similarities

Opportunistic Transnationalism

to maximize funding sources

Globalizing Transnationalism

high production value model

Ideology

a system of ideas and ideals. (values and ideas that are held to be unconsciously true)

Realism

a philosophy of filmmaking in which truth can already be found in the actual world.

Formalism

altering the image to produce truth

Imagined community

what a nation may imagine itself to be.

First Cinema

Hollywood

Second Cinema

European Art Cinema

Third Cinema

cinema designed to inspire social change in third-world countries

Tokyo Chorus

shomin-geki (home drama), enlarging gulf between poor/rich, place of unfulfilled dreams

The Testament of Doctor Mabuse

"allegory to show Hitler's process of terrorism", banned in Germany----> smuggled into France, Kuleshov Effect, Dialectical montage

L'Eclisse

1962 Italy, neorealist, goal-oriented, relatively de-dramatized, "slice of life"

Pather Panchali

1955 India, autobiographical novel, "Story of the Road", unconditional form, lacks love and musicals, funded by West Bengal Govt.

Hiroshima mon Amour

French New Wave, co-production (France/Japan), trauma narrative, formalistic style but references popular culture.

A Cruel Story of

Youth

1960s Japan, post war (Shochiku), drastically different from Tokyo Chorus, nihilistic (no meaning in life whatsoever), cinema scope (hand held wide shot EXPENSIVE, but still looked shaky)

Daisies

1960s Czech New Wave, Surrealism, producer banned from filmmaking for a few years, later became a master producer of Czech Cinema.

Easy Rider

1969 US, indie cinema, Hollywood film, first cinema, extensive trimming

Hour of the Furnaces

1960s Argentina, very political, wanted to produce social change, open text (encourage discussion about political questions within audience), combines French New Wave, Soviet Montage, Direct Cinema (documentary film making)

Yeleen

African 3rd Cinema,

Rouge

Accented Cinema, Chinese-US production

The Great Wall

accented cinemas, sino-us coproduction failure

Diasporic (accented cinemas)

focus on relationships with other disasporic communities

liminal

auteur's identity falls in between nations

transnational

films not produced in any one nation, but with resources from multiple nations

Ideological State Apparatus

the mediums through which a culture or state expresses its ideology

Vertical Integration

When a company buys every action of the production process

Nationalized Film Industry

When the film industry of a particular country is funded by the state of that country

Popular Cinemas

Have commercial aims

Art Cinemas

A cinema for Cinema sake

Counter-Cinema

Cinema designed to downplay the more entertaining aspects of the filmic medium and emphasize the aspects that appeal intellectually to the viewer

Genre semantics

deals with themes and meanings

Genre syntax

deals with how the meanings are constructed

Detourmement

Using the images of the society of the spectacle to counter the commercial aspects

Essentialized Femininity

is the idea that femininity has certain essentially female characteristics

Non-essentialized Femininity

the idea that femininity is fluid and performed

Voyeurism

The pleasure of watching without being watched

Fetishism

taking a particular part of a person and taking it out of its original context. (some using a picture of lips in an advertisement to suggest sexuality)

Scopophilia

Pleasure of looking

Theory of the male gaze

The perspective of a notionally typical heterosexual man considered as embodied in the audience or intended audience for films and other visual media

Feminist Counter Cinema

cinema designed to call attention to the more patriarchal aspects of the filmic form by subverting those tropes and expectations through counter-cinematic means

postcolonial narratives

narratives that deal with questions of post-colonial identity, namely what does it mean for a country to have been occupied and gotten used to occupation

Long takes

Minute long or more takes designed to bring the viewers into the world of the story more lucidly and easily

Disjunctive editing

editing designed to be jarring, sometimes to call attention to a spectacle or important moment

Sound montage

A clash of different sounds

Reflexivity

Calling attention to the medium a particular work is shown through

manifest

the surface level of consciousness or discourse

latent

is the underly

Wiemar Democracy

the moderate government in place in Germany since the Treaty of Versailles, before the Nazi's rose to power

Kuleshov Effect

An image of a person can appear different to us based on which image follows it.

de-dramatization

a style of filming that emphasizes the everyday aspects of the drama.

Parallel cinema

Indian art cinema, more influenced by global Art cinema movements than traditional Bollywood films

Bollywood

the Indian Hollywood

Social realist Hindi-language cinema

Cinema that focuses on the lives working people, in which characters are not so much individuals themselves but emblematic in a certain role in society

Cashiers du cinema

Popular French film journal that hosted some of the best writers

Medium specificity

the concept of what is specific to a certain artistic medium

Shockiku

perhaps the most famous Japanese film studio, produced everything from Yasujiru Ozu's films to Akira Kurosawa's

Czech Reform Movement

led by democratic socialist leader Alexander Dubcek, this movement sought to continue socialism, but rejected the authoritarianism of the Soviet Union

Genres of African third cinemas

Realist, Colonial confrontation, return to source films

Two main types of Accented cinema

Feature, Experimental

Feature film

made by exilic directors, usually older generation emigre filmmakers

Experimental film

younger generation, usually born in the diaspora