Atoms and Molecules
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AP BIO Chapter 2 —> Campbell Biology Textbook
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36 Terms
Matter is…
anything that has mass and occupies space.
Elements are…
pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, consisting of only one type of atom.
Compounds are…
substances composed of 2+ elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.
Molecule
Two or more atoms bonded by a covalent bond.
Proton is
A subatomic particle with (1) positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
A subatomic particle with no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
A subatomic particle with (1) negative charge and is found outside of the nucleus.
An atom is…
the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Atomic number
Number of protons in (1) atom.
Mass number
Number of mass one atom has (# of protons + # of neutrons).
Isotope
Forms of an atom with varying numbers of neutrons.
Radioactive tracer
A radioactive substance that is used to track the movement of materials within a system, commonly used in medical imaging and research.
Trace element
An element indispensable for life but required in small amounts.
CHNOPS
An acronym for the six essential elements of life: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S). These elements are fundamental in forming biological macromolecules.
Covalent bond
Strong chemical bond that occurs when 2 atoms share valence electrons.
Nonpolar covalent bond
Covalent bond between two atoms that have similar electronegativity.
Polar covalent bond
Covalent bond between 2 atoms that have different electronegativity.
Ionic bond
A chemical bond where 2 atoms are attracted because of opposing charges.
Hydrogen bond
Weak chemical bond where a slightly (-) hydrogen atom of one molecule is weakly attracted to a slightly (+) hydrogen atom in a different molecule.
Van der Waals interaction
Weak attractions between molecules from partial charges.
Proton is
A subatomic particle with (1) positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutron
A subatomic particle with no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
A subatomic particle with (1) negative charge and is found outside of the nucleus.
An atom is…
the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Atomic number
Number of protons in (1) atom.
Mass number
Number of mass one atom has (# of protons + # of neutrons).
Isotope
Forms of an atom with varying numbers of neutrons.
Radioactive tracer
A radioactive substance that is used to track the movement of materials within a system, commonly used in medical imaging and research.
Trace element
An element indispensable for life but required in small amounts.
CHNOPS
An acronym for the six essential elements of life: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S). These elements are fundamental in forming biological macromolecules.
Covalent bond
Strong chemical bond that occurs when 2 atoms share valence electrons.
Nonpolar covalent bond
Covalent bond between two atoms that have similar electronegativity.
Polar covalent bond
Covalent bond between 2 atoms that have different electronegativity.
Ionic bond
A chemical bond where 2 atoms are attracted because of opposing charges.
Hydrogen bond
Weak chemical bond where a slightly (-) hydrogen atom of one molecule is weakly attracted to a slightly (+) hydrogen atom in a different molecule.
Van der Waals interaction
Weak attractions between molecules from partial charges.