PSYC 361 Lecture 9 -- Psychological interventions

Psychoanalytic

Psychotherapy paradigm focusing on unconscious processes.

Behavioral

Therapeutic approach emphasizing behavior modification.

CBT

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, addressing thought patterns.

Third wave therapies

Includes DBT and ACT, focusing on mindfulness.

Social interaction

Key element in psychotherapy for change.

Language in therapy

Words used can significantly influence client outcomes.

Hypnosis

Technique demonstrating the power of verbal suggestion.

Psychotherapy

Professional interaction aimed at behavioral change.

Psychological treatment

Broad term encompassing various therapeutic interventions.

Efficacy

Extent to which an intervention produces desired results.

Effectiveness

Real-world performance of an intervention in practice.

RCT

Randomized Control Trials, method for testing efficacy.

Instruction manuals

Guidelines used to standardize therapeutic interventions.

Controlled measures of outcome

Specific metrics used to evaluate therapy success.

Non-professional therapists

Individuals without formal training providing therapy.

Exclusion criteria

Specific conditions that disqualify participants from studies.

Participants vs. clients

Participants are study subjects, not therapy clients.

Trusting professional relationship

Foundation for effective psychotherapy and client change.

Self-defeating behaviors

Actions that hinder personal success and well-being.

Professional Therapists

Trained individuals providing therapeutic services.

Actual Clientele

Real patients facing genuine psychological issues.

Self Report

Client's personal account of their experiences.

Clinical Judgment

Therapist's professional assessment of a situation.

Process Research

Study of mechanisms behind therapeutic change.

Outcome Research

Evaluation of results from therapeutic interventions.

Cautionary Notes

Warnings about challenges in research conclusions.

Commercial Aspects

Financial motivations in therapy markets.

Treatment Manuals

Guidelines required for grant applications since 1980s.

Science Based Practice

Integrates outcome data with scientific rationale.

Scientific Plausibility

Reasonable basis for treatment effectiveness claims.

Paradigms

Frameworks for understanding phenomena in science.

Ageism in Psychotherapy

Bias against older adults in therapeutic settings.

Existential Therapies

Therapies focusing on meaning and life perspectives.

Nomothetic

General principles applicable across multiple cases.

Idiographic

In-depth analysis of individual cases.

Meta Analysis

Combining results from multiple studies for insights.

Evidence Based Practice

Using research data to inform therapeutic decisions.

Well Established Scientific Knowledge

Accepted facts supported by extensive research.

Weak Scientific Status

Insufficient evidence undermining treatment claims.

Good Evidence

Reliable data supporting therapeutic approaches.

Small Scale Factors

Minor elements affecting larger research outcomes.

Therapeutic Change

Transformation in a client's psychological state.

Therapy Manuals

Books detailing how to conduct specific therapies.

Independent Variable (IV)

The variable manipulated in a therapy study.

Flexibility in Manuals

Extent to which therapists can adapt treatment.

Ballistic Approach

Strict adherence to therapy manuals in research.

Interactive Approach

Looser adherence based on client reactions.

Internal Validity

Degree to which study accurately measures effect.

External Validity

Generalizability of study results to real-world.

Minimize Intervention Customization

Goal to standardize therapy across practitioners.

Training-Based Manuals

Focus on teaching specific therapy techniques.

Strategy-Based Manuals

Focus on processes of change in therapy.

Process Research

Study of how therapeutic changes occur.

Inter Rater Reliability

Consistency among different therapists' assessments.

Therapist Variability

Differences in therapist approaches and effectiveness.

RCT Limitations

Challenges in applying lab results to real-world.

External Validity Problem

Difficulty in generalizing lab findings to practice.

Controlled Studies

Research designs limiting variables to test effectiveness.

Volunteer Patients

Participants in studies who may not represent general population.

Clinical Settings

Real-world environments where therapy is practiced.

Research Settings

Controlled environments for conducting therapy studies.

Outcome Measurement

Assessment of therapy effectiveness based on results.

Therapist Variables

Factors related to therapists affecting treatment outcomes.

Funding Agencies

Organizations that require therapy manuals for support.

Norm in Psychotherapy Research

Standard practice of using manuals in studies.

HOMOGENOUS

Patients with same symptoms classified as same disorder.

IDIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

Case-by-case examination of individual patients.

INTERNAL VALIDITY

Accuracy of study results under controlled conditions.

RANDOMIZATION

Assigning subjects randomly to eliminate bias.

RCT

Randomized Controlled Trial for testing interventions.

COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

Evaluating outcomes between experimental and control groups.

DETERIORATION

Worsening of condition in some experimental subjects.

EFFICACY

Effectiveness determined from controlled experiments.

EFFECTIVENESS

Real-world applicability of therapeutic interventions.

PRACTICE CHANGE

Modifying therapy methods to align with research.

MANAGED CARE

System that coordinates patient care and costs.

STEPPED CARE

Starting treatment with least intrusive interventions.

LEAST RESTRICTIVE ALTERNATIVE

Minimizing restrictions while providing necessary treatment.

DROP OUT

Patients leaving treatment prematurely due to ineffectiveness.

RISKS OF LOW INTENSITY TREATMENT

Potential negative outcomes from minimal interventions.

DETERIORATION EFFECT

Worsening due to harmful or ineffective treatments.

LATROGENESIS

Harm caused by therapist's actions or treatments.

SELF ESTEEM

Patient's perception of their worth or value.

MOTIVATION

Drive to engage in therapeutic processes.

TIME EFFICIENCY

Optimal use of time in effective treatments.

CHANGE MECHANISM

Processes explaining how therapies produce change.

PROCESS RESEARCH

Study of mechanisms behind therapeutic effectiveness.

NOVEL APPLICATIONS

New therapeutic procedures based on established principles.

EXPLORATORY TERRITORY

Uncharted areas for developing new treatment methods.

ESTABLISHED PRINCIPLES

Proven concepts guiding the development of therapies.

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Behavioral assessment to understand patient actions.

CBT ASSESSMENT

Evaluating cognitive-behavioral therapy effectiveness.