2.4 Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbon

a compound containing hydrogen and carbon only

Functional group

the atom or group of atoms that gives that compound its characteristic properties

homologous series

a series of compounds that have the same functional group

Saturated compound

one that contains no C=C bonds

unsaturated compound

one that contains C=C bonds

suffix of an alkane

ane

suffix of an alkene

ene

Prefix of halogenoalkanes

prefix that has the halogen present in it, eg chloro, bromo

suffix of alcohols

ol

suffix of carboxylic acids

oic acid

properties of homologous series of compounds

Can all be represented by a general formula

Have similar chemical properties as they have the same functional group.
Show a general trend in physical properties

Structural isomerism

compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural or displayed formula

chain isomerism

carbon chain within the molecules is arranged differently

Positional isomerism

The functional group can appear in different positions on the molecule

Functional group isomerism

compounds with the same molecular formula, but different functional groups

E-Z Isomerism

occurs in alkenes because there is restricted rotation about the double bond

when you have a double bond, the atoms are unable to rotate, meaning they are in fixed positions

Z isomer

on the same side of the double bond

E isomer

they’re on opposite sides of the double bond

Difference in boiling point between E Z isomers

E- isomers tend to pack together better, so they will have stronger intermolecular forces and higher melting and boiling temperatures