Philosophy Lecture - Types of Discourse and Attitudes Toward Beliefs

Vocabulary flashcards covering the four types of discourse, the historical relationship between philosophy and science, and the five main attitudes toward beliefs based on lecture notes.

Religious Discourse

A type of discourse based on a revealed truth originating from a sacred text or God.

Scientific Discourse

A type of discourse based on research and experimentation to determine facts.

Literary Discourse

An invented type of discourse that evokes emotions and presents unmeasurable truth.

Philosophical Discourse

A type of discourse seeking to be as clear as possible on abstract subjects.

Aristotle

The father of biology who collected data on plants and animals, exemplifying the historical collaboration between philosophy and science as complementary rational discourses seeking universal answers.

Belief (Croyance)

An idea or thought that an individual judges or considers to be true.

Dogmatism

An attitude that views truth as definitive and refuses any questioning or re-examination.

Faith (Foi)

Believing a truth without empirical proof, where personal adherence is amplified without room for doubt; it has no place in philosophy.

Relativism

The view that objective truth does not exist ('nothing is true or false') and that all opinions carry equal value, leading to a refusal to debate (associated with Sophistry).

Skepticism (Scepticisme)

The position that truth is inaccessible, making it impossible to know if statements are true or false, leading to doubt about everything.

Fallibilism (Faillibilisme)

The proper attitude in philosophy and science which holds that truth exists, but knowledge can always be revised to get closer to truth without ever reaching 100% certainty.