Systems Final (Review Day)

What motor theory is the baseline of developmental assessments like the Peabody?

neuromaturational theory

What motor theory is a process that considers the changes in the individual subsystems in the environment?

dynamic systems theory

Based on dynamic systems theory what are the flexible parameters for a movement?

Overall duration

Size of the movement

Specifications of muscles/limbs used

Name 5 areas suspicious for abuse for bruises on a toddler.

(usually softer flesh areas)

inner thighs

buttocks

back

truck

genitals

ear lobes

neck

cheek

What age does an infant bring their hand to midline in supine and a toy to their mouth in prone?

3 months

What type of movement emerges at 7 months and supports transitions into and out of sitting?

Trunk rotation

Describe an emerging walker pattern

Arms in high guard

wide BOS

external rotation, hip and knee flexion

short steps

lateral weight shifts

lumbar lordosis

variable cadence

foot flat on contact

Which gait characteristic increases or decreases as walkers have more practice. (velocity)

increase

Which gait characteristic increases or decreases as walkers have more practice. (single limb stance time)

increase

Which gait characteristic increases or decreases as walkers have more practice. (step length)

increase

Which gait characteristic increases or decreases as walkers have more practice. (base of support)

decrease

What is the major characteristic of a pre-run pattern?

no flight phase

What is a common presentation for Erb's palsy?

C5 and C6

Shoulder adduction and IR

wrist flexion and finger extension (Waiter's tip)

What is the common presentation for Klumpke's palsy?

C8-T1

Clawed hand with

extension of MCPs and flexion of IPs

thumb adduction

What is the tibiofemoral angle at various ages? (newborn)

genu varum

What is the tibiofemoral angle at various ages? (1 year 7 months)

neutral

What is the tibiofemoral angle at various ages? (3-4 years)

genu valgum

What is the tibiofemoral angle at various ages? (5-6 years)

back to neutral

If you take an infant and position them in supine with their hips flexed and adduct their hip with pressure on the proximal lateral femur, what are you testing for? What test is it?

Testing for hip dysplasia or subluxation

This is the Ortolani test

The trochanteric prominence test assesses for what condition?

Femoral torsion

The thigh foot angle assesses for what condition?

Tibial torsion

When you're assessing for metatarsal alignment issues like metatarsus adductus, you draw a line dividing the foot. where should it cross the toes?

2nd and 3rd metatarsals

Name some options for assessing pain in children.

FLACC

VAS

FACES

Number Scale

What are the four types of play?

Solitary

Parallel

Associative

Cooperative

Solitary play

child plays alone

Parallel play

children play side by side, but do not interact

Associative play

children play with SOME interactions but mostly doing their own thing

Cooperative Play

Children play with one unit goal

List some potential body structure associations that come with overuse injuries.

low bone mineral density (especially prior to growth spurt)

too little lean muscle mass

joint hypermobility

imbalances with growth or strength

amenorrhea

True or False: They DID NOT FIND correlation with anatomical misalignments or flexibility with overuse.

TRUE

What type of fracture is most likely to affect growth of a long bone? What is this called?

one that goes through the epiphyseal plate

Salter-Harris fracture

What are some risk factors for child obesity?

motor disability

sedentary

adolescents

hispanic

middle class

urban areas

decreased education of parents

What age range are cranial orthoses recommended to treat plagiocephaly?

3-18 months

what is the difference between a NOB and a BOB

NOB: head rolls first, body aligns with head

BOB: Leg goes over first, body and head align

What's the difference between optical and labyrinthine righting?

Optical: they can use their eyes

Labyrinthine: their eyes are blindfolded

What is a protective reaction? What ages to they develop?

when the arms go out to prevent you from falling

Develops:

Forward at 6 months

Side at 8-9 months

backwards at 10-11 months

What are the parts of a full equilibrium reaction?

Extend on WB side (lengthening WB side)

laterally flex and abduct extremities on NWB side while

rotating (shortening NWB side)

How many gestational weeks does the heartbeat begin?

4 weeks

How many gestational weeks does it take for facial features to form?

5-6 weeks

How many gestational weeks for myelination of the spinal cord to begin?

17-20 weeks

How many gestational weeks does the fetus begin to create surfactant?

21-25 weeks

At how many weeks is the fetus considered fully viable?

32 weeks

At what gestational age does fetus have sleep-wake cycles?

35-40 weeks

When do you expect an infant/toddler to have their first word?

12 months

How old is a toddler when they can put 2-3 sentences together?

2-3 years

When can toddlers count to 5?

3-4 years

At what age can a child tell a story?

4-5 years

Explain family centered care.

Families' rights, roles and responsibilities are considered

Appropriate for all pediatric settings not just early intervention

Services are provided with collaboration with the families

Goals: supports the well-being of family and child

galant reflex

Stimulus: Stroke the paraspinals and they curve to the same side

moro reflex

Abduction and extension followed by flexion and adduction of

extremities.

Stimulus: When startled or drop their head

ATR reflex

Extension on face side, flexion on skull side.

Stimulus: Turn head to one side

Most reflexes start _____ and go away within the first 6 months.

prenatally

Rooting reflex

Stimulus: Stoke corner of the mouth, turn head toward

stimulus and open mouth

Landeau reflex

Stimulus: hold them in ventral suspension, head, back and

hips extend

STNR reflex

Stimulus: flex or extend head in supported sitting.

Arms follow head and legs do the opposite (head flexes, arms flex and legs extend)

What are some hip dysplasia symptoms?

asymmetrical skin folds

one leg appears

shorter than the other

they have asymmetrical abduction in flexion

What are some treatments for hip dysplasia?

If they are between 0-6 months, put them in a

Pavlik harness (stretchy), puts them in 90-120 degrees hip flexion and 45-60 degrees hip

abduction

Rigid harness are used after 6 months.

Surgery is last option

What is the age difference between most presentations of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis?

Septic arthritis: under 3 years

Osteomyelitis: under 5 years

In what people is Legg-Calve Perthes disease most common?

active short males between 4 and 8

What happens with Legg-Calve Perthes disease?

Avascular necrosis of femoral head

How do you treat Legg-Calve Perthes disease?

Gentle stretching (ROM) and strengthening hip abductors, extensors, and rotators. maybe even surgery.

What is the age group for a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?

Ages 10-15, typically obese individuals with endocrine disorders

What happens with SCFE?

Slippage of femoral head (think of ice cream cone)

What is the difference between SCFE and Legg-Calve Perthes disease?

Both have limitations in

Abduction and Internal rotation.

**SCFE has a limitation in flexion

**Legg-Calve Perthes

does not

What is the common treatment for club foot?

Ponsetti method (serial casting, possible surgery)