Cell Biology Lecture Notes

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key scientists, cell theory, prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic features, plant and animal cell structures, membrane components, and body cell types.

The study of cells is called __.

Cytology

__ was the scientist who first discovered and named “cells.”

Robert Hooke

Anton van Leeuwenhoek is credited with discovering __ and bacteria.

protozoa

The scientist who discovered the cell nucleus was __.

Robert Brown

Mitochondria were first described by __.

Albert von Kolliker

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound __.

nucleus

Prokaryotic cells do not contain __, the organelle responsible for ATP production.

mitochondria

In prokaryotes, DNA is located in a region called the __.

nucleoid

A rigid structure containing peptidoglycan found in most bacteria is the __.

cell wall

The sugary outer layer that helps prokaryotic cells adhere to surfaces is the __.

capsule

Hair-like structures that allow bacteria to exchange genetic material during conjugation are called __.

pili

Projections that help bacteria attach to host cells are known as __.

fimbrae

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize functions within membrane-bound __.

organelles

The organelle that houses DNA and directs ribosome synthesis in eukaryotes is the __.

nucleus

According to cell theory, all living organisms are composed of __.

cells

Cell theory states that all cells arise from __ cells.

preexisting

The zoologist who helped formulate cell theory was __.

Theodor Schwann

The botanist who concluded that plants are made of cells was __.

Matthias Schleiden

The scientist who asserted that cells come only from pre-existing cells was __.

Rudolph Virchow

The rigid outermost layer of a plant cell is the __.

cell wall

A large storage organelle filled with water in plant cells is the __.

central vacuole

Chlorophyll-containing plastids that perform photosynthesis are __.

chloroplasts

Colorless starch-storing plastids found in potatoes are a type of leukoplast called __.

amyloplasts

Plastids that store lipids are specifically called __.

elaioplasts

Protein-storing leukoplasts are known as __.

proteinoplasts

The double-membrane structure surrounding the nucleus is the __.

nuclear envelope

Within the nucleus, DNA is organized as __ threads.

chromatin

The dense region inside the nucleus responsible for ribosome assembly is the __.

nucleolus

Animal cells contain microtubule-organizing centers called __.

centrosomes

Plant cells possess __, specialized organelles that animal cells lack for photosynthesis.

chloroplasts

Biological membranes are primarily composed of a __ bilayer.

phospholipid

At high temperatures, __ stabilizes the cell membrane and raises its melting point.

cholesterol

Membrane proteins that span the bilayer are termed __ proteins.

integral

Carbohydrates on the cell membrane are important for cell adhesion and __.

recognition

Stem, bone, blood, and nerve are examples of different __ of the body.

cell types

A small organelle that packages and modifies proteins in eukaryotic cells is the __ apparatus.

Golgi

The site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells is the __.

mitochondrion

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with __, which synthesize proteins.

ribosomes

In eukaryotic cells, harmful substances are broken down by vesicles called __.

lysosomes

Short, whip-like structures used for locomotion in both prokaryotic and some eukaryotic cells are __.

flagella