Chapter 9, Skeletal System Articulations

Joint

also known as an articulation, a place of contact between bones, bone and cartilage, and bones and teeth

What are the two way to classify joints?

Structure and function

What are the three classes of joints according to their structural classification?

Fibrous Joint, Cartilaginous joint, and Synovial Joints

Fibrous Joint

no joint cavity, made up of dense regular connective tissues, connects bone to bone.

Cartilaginous Joints

No joint cavity, connects bone to cartilage

Synovial Joint

Has a joint cavity, filled with lubrication fluid, and has articulating surface

What are the three classes of joints according to their functional classification?

Immoveable joints (synarthrosis), slightly moveable joints (amphiarthrosis), and freely moveable joints (diarthrosis).

Synarthrosis Joints

Immovable joint, two fibrous joints and one cartilaginous joint.

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly moveable joint, one type of fibrous joint and one cartilaginous.

Diarthrosis

Freely moveable Joint, all synovial joints

Gomphosis

Fibrous articulation of the root of individual teeth, periodontal membranes, (synarthrosis)

Sutures

Fibrous articulation of certain skull bones (synarthrosis)

Syndemoses

Fibrous articulation where bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissues, between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula (amphiarthrosis)

Synchodrosis

Cartilaginous articulation where bones are joined by cartilage, epipheseal plate and costochondral joints (synarthrosis)

Symphsis

a pad of fibrocartilage between articulating bone, intervetebral disc and pubic symphisis, (amphiarthrosis)

What structure is found at the ends of bones in a synovial joint?

Articular cartilage.

What is located within the joint cavity of a synovial joint?

Synovial fluid.

What is the role of the articular capsule in a synovial joint?

It encloses the joint and helps maintain its stability.

What are reinforcing ligaments in a synovial joint?

Ligaments that provide support and stability to the joint.

What type of synovial joint allows for sliding movements?

Plane joint.

What type of synovial joint allows for flexion and extension?

Hinge joint.

What is an example of a pivot joint?

The joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlantoaxial joint).

What is a condyloid joint?

A joint that allows for movement in two planes, such as the wrist.

What type of synovial joint is characterized by a saddle shape?

Saddle joint, such as the carpometacarpal joint in the thumb.

What is the most mobile type of joint?

Ball-and-socket joint, such as the shoulder or hip joint.

Articulating Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage, reduces friction at the site where the bone meets

Articular Capsule

double-layered capsule with fibrous layer and synovial membrane

Fibrous Layer

Holds the joint nice and tight, prevents bone from being pulled apart, dense regular connective tissue

Synovial membrane

Has cells the produce synovial fluid; covers all the internal joint surfaces not covered by cartilage and lines the articular capsule.

Synovial fluid

Viscous, oily, substance, located within the synovial joint

Joint cavity

a space that permits separation of the articulating bone

Ligaments

composed of dense regular connective tissues, connects one bone to another, stabilizes, strengthens, and reinforces most synovial joints

Intrinsic ligaments

thickening of the articular capsule

Extrinsic ligaments

outside and physically separate from the articular capsule