Gross Anatomy Unit 1 Osteology

What are the five regions of typical vertebrae

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

How many vertebrae are their total in the 5 regions?

There are typically 33 vertebrae in total across the five regions: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), and 4 coccygeal (fused).

what is the largest vertebrae

L5

what vertebrae looks like a triceritops

lumbar

What vertebrae looks like a sloth

cervical

What vertebrae looks like a giraffe

thoracic

What is the functions of the vertebral colum

maintain posture, protect spinal cord and nerves, provide support for movement of head trunk and limbs.

What does the vertebral body do?

major weight bearing element of the spine

cancellous bone surrounded by compact bone

what do vertebral end plates do?

cover the superior and inferior surfaces (hyaline cartilage)

That lies in between the vertebral bodies

intervertebral discs

what is the vertebral arch

What are the two components of the vertebral arch?

pedicles and laminae

What are pedicles

Bony pillars that anchor the vertebral arch to the posterior vertebral body

What are the laminae

Flat portions of bone that extend from each pedicle

vertebral foramen

Opening surrounded by the vertebral arch and posterior surface of the body

What are the two vertebral notches

superior and inferior notch

vertebral notches

Spinous process of the vertebrae

What are the kinds of inferior articular processes

inferior and superior

What joint do the articular processes make?

zygaphophyseal joint

role of articular processes

limit motion/guide motion

Third process of the vertebrae

transverse processes

transverse process

Transverse process function

attachment site/ site articulation

What are the clavicles?

Bones that suspend the upper limb on the axial skeleton

Functions of the clavicle

protect underlying nerves, arteries, and veins

increase shoulder girdle range of motion

Provide surface area for muscle attachement

Transfer force from upper limbs to axial skeleton

What is special about the orientation of the clavicles?

long axis is oriented about 20-30 degrees posterior to the frontal plane

two ends of the clavicle

sternal and acromial

sternal end

articulares with clavicular facet of the manubrium

what joint does the sternal end make with the sternum

sternoclavicular joint

acromial end

flattened expansion with small oval facet at the tip

what joint does the acromial end create with the acromion process

acromioclavicular joint

which side of the clavicle is bony?

The inferior side

costal tuberosity?

attachment for the costoclavicular ligament

groove on the clavicle?

subclavius muscle attachment

Where is the costal tuberosity and groove located

medial third of the clavicle

What is on the lateral third of the clavicle

Conoid tubercle and trapezoid line

conoid tubercle

attachment for conoid ligament, also the medial component of the coracoclavicular ligament

costal tuberosity

conoid tubercle

trapezoid line

attachment for trapezoid ligament, lateral component of the coracoclavicular ligament

Trapezoid line

What kind of bone is the scapula?

flat triangular bone

Where is the scapula located

posterolateral chest wall

What does the scapula help do?

facilitate movement in the upper limb

plane of the scapula

oriented 30-35 degrees relative to the frontal plane

what direct does the scapula direct the glenoid fossa in?

anterolateral

another word for scapular plane abduction?

scaption

Angles of the scapula

inferior and and superior

superior angle of the scapula

about at T2 vertebral level

covered by the trapezius and levator scapulae muscle

inferior angle

about T8 vertebral level

Easily palpated and visible as it moves during arm elevation

borders of the scapula

Medial (vertebral) body , Lateral (axillary) border, superior border

pic border of scapula

Components of the spine of the scapula

Root, spine, acromion process, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa

what level is the root of the scapula at

T3 spinous process

Func of acromion process

Provides proximal attachment for middle deltoid, covers the head of the humerus, has clavicular facet on medial border.

supraspinous fossa

almost entirely filled by supraspinatus muscel

levator scapulae attached along medial border from root to superior angle

infraspinous fossa

almost entirely filled by infraspinatus muscle

Rhiomboid major and minor attach alon the medial border from root to inferior angle

teres major and minor attached along lateral border

coracoid process

site for 3 ligaments and 3 muscles

3 muscles that attach at the coracoid process

biceps brachii, pectoralis minor muscle,coracobrachialis

3 ligaments that attach at the coracoid process

coracoacromial ligament, coracohumeral ligament, coracoclavicular ligament

what does the coracoacromial logament form

coracoacromial arch

coraco humeral ligament does what

reinforces superior joint capsule

coracoclavicular ligament is made of what tow ligaments

trapezoid(lateral) ligament and conoid(medial) ligament

ligaments of the coracoid process

suprascapular notch

Indentation just medial to the base of the coracoid process

what does the suprascapular notch do?

Converts a notch into a foramen, passage way for suprascapular nerve.

Glenoid fossa

articular surface for the head of the humerus. faces slightly upward, forward and laterally

supraglenoid tubercle

attachment for long head of biceps brachii

infraglenoid tubercle

attachemnt for long head of triceps brachii

glenoid fossa and tubercles pic